Education

Question 1

what is Durkheims view of education

Answer 1

that education socialises people to teach them shared normed and values to maintain social solidarity

Question 2

what is social solidarity

Answer 2

the idea that all members of society work together as a part of something bigger

Question 3

how does school help maintain social solidarity?

Answer 3

through assemblies, homework, uniform etc

Question 4

Criticism of Durkheims view that school

Answer 4

Marxists argue that schools are ideologically driven, indocritinating students into passive acceptance of rules. assemblies provides false conciousness

Question 5

what does parsons believe about education

Answer 5

that school is the bridge between family and wider society. He says that home teaches individuals particularistic standards but schools teaches universalisitic standards to prepare individuals to enter the world of work.

Question 6

what does parsons believe education does?

Answer 6

helps students to achieve status; their future roles are determined by how hard they work at school. he believes education is meritocratoic

Question 7

what is meritocracy

Answer 7

a system where social advancement is based on individual talent, effort and achievements, rather than social class, wealth or other external factors.

Question 8

what is a criticism of parsons view

Answer 8

not all students have equal chance at achieving at school considering parental involvement, disability, social class, gender, catchment areas etc. marxists argue that meritocracy is a a myth.

Question 9

what is parsons view on education
(speciallised skills)

Answer 9

Says that schools teach us speciallised skills which are required for specific future occupation so that we can pay our specific role in society to maintain consensus

Question 10

what is a criticism of this view

Answer 10

skills are still requires beyond GCSE’s to do these jobs 9eg. training courses, degrees)

Question 11

What view do davis and moore have on education

Answer 11

they argue that education shows us who the best people are fr the best jobs and roles in society by sieving those higher achievers to the top. School allocates via awards and certicifates and the exam system

Question 12

what does the exam system do

Answer 12

encourages competition, indivual achievemnet and hard work

Question 13

what is a criticism of davis and moore

Answer 13

Marxists and feminists would argue that we aren’t all given the same opportunity to succeed for example, middle /upper class, white, middle aged men dominate powerful jobs/roles in society

Question 14

strength of the functionalist view on education

Answer 14

the new right support the ideas of functionalists and believe that meritocracy makes people responsible for their own achievements

Question 15

Criticism of functionalist view on education

Answer 15

-it is suggested that the functionalists have rose tinted arguments which ignores the inequalities that happen in education which can be negative for some groups with race, sexism and middle class bias

Question 16

what is ideological state apparatus?

Answer 16

part of society which keeps the bourgeoisie in power by reproducing and justifying inequalities

Question 17

what does Althusser sat about education

Answer 17

says that education reproduces inequalities through unequal access to resources, a curriculum that may not reflect diverse backgrounds and the hidden curriculum that transmits social norms and expectations

Question 18

what supports this view

Answer 18

the uk government has made it illegal for teachers to promote anti-capitalist views, providing that education is a tool used by the bourgeoisie to protect capitalism

Question 19

what marxists believe about specialist skills

Answer 19

education teach specialised skills we need to fulfill the futures of our class. our talents are almost pre-determind based on social class labelling and therefore the opportunity for upwards social mobility is limited for the working class

Question 20

Criticism of this view

Answer 20

Feminists would argue that marxism overlooks gender equality in social mobility (e.g glass ceiling)

Question 21

what is the glass ceiling

Answer 21

the idea that u can see the job roles at the top but u can’t physically get to them

Question 22

what do Marxists say about meritocracy

Answer 22

not everyone has an equal chance and hat the higher a persons social class is the more likely they are to get better jobs and grades due to things like social connections. they argue that meritocracy is a myth

Question 23

what is an example of this

Answer 23

working class students are disadvantaged since 90% of OFSTED failing schools are on deprived areas

Question 24

what does Bowles and Gintis say about education

Answer 24

the way we learn things in school mirror/correspond the way we are expected to behave in work . this is done through the hidden curriculum

Question 25

what is the hidden curriculum

Answer 25

lessons that are taught to us but not specifically referred to on the curriculum.

Question 26

2 examples of things taught by the hidden curriculum

Answer 26

-obedience -Time management

Question 27

an example of the correspondance principle

Answer 27

Alienation through students lack of control over education reflects workers lack of control over production

Question 28

what does Althusser, Bowles and Gintis say about indoctrination

Answer 28

they suggest that pupils are brainwashed by the ruling classes to be the ideal workers and that pupils are taught to be obedient and passive

Question 29

why don't students see this as exploitative?

Answer 29

they are socialised to respect authority-this idea of false conciousness

Question 30

what is false conciousness

Answer 30

told u it benefits u when it rlly js benefits the system

Question 31

strength of this view

Answer 31

Chomsky argues that school is a filtering system and the most compliant reach the top of politics, business and media and help protect the bourgeoisie, the less compliant are made to internalise failure and often end up in dead end jobs

Question 32

Criticism of this view

Answer 32

Willis critcises the concept of brainwashing because many students rebel from education as a secondary agent of socialistaion

Question 33

what is the learning to labour study

Answer 33

Explored how a group of working class boys 'the lads' developed an anti social subculture that lead them to reject academic success and embrace working class jobs

Question 34

Criticism of learning to labour study

Answer 34

Bowles and /Gintis: not representative of all western schools as it was only carried out in a few American high schools in the 1970s

Question 35

overall Strength of marxism and education

Answer 35

-it exposes the myth of meritocracy and the use of the concept to brainwash the exploited working class into accepting their status because of their own efforts and not the capitalist system

Question 36

overall criticism of marxism and education

Answer 36

-Marxism takes a class first approach to education ignoring other forms of inequality based on gender, sexuality and ethnicity.

Question 37

What is Glabalistaion accoding to Giddens

Answer 37

refers to the increasing interconnectedness of societies

Question 38

what is globalistaion according to waters

Answer 38

a social process in which contstrainsts a geography on economic, political, social and cultural arrangements have declined

Question 39

what has globalisation been facilitated with in the past?

Answer 39

advances in traditional forms of communication

Question 40

what's the impact of globalistaion on education policy according to Kelly?

Answer 40

Kelly says British policy aims to allow our students to compete with international students and that the british economy is global. Skilled workers are required to keep us om the G7 of the richest nations

Question 41

what is the impact of globalistaion according to Michale

Answer 41

Coalition gov used Britain's falling position on the PISA league tables as justifications for more rigorous primary and secondary school standard exams

Question 42

what is meant by commodification of students

Answer 42

British universities compete to attract overseas students who pay higher fees and they also set up universities overseas based on their British 'bands'. many British students study in foreign Univerisites that specialise in certain fields (e.g engineering inn Germany)

Question 43

citicism of this

Answer 43

Many bristish students go to unis overseas because its cheaper, however students are being treated as commodity to be bought and sold for profit

Question 44

what is meant by the multi-cultural curriculum

Answer 44

Schools must teach students about other faiths and cultures beyond the white 81% and Christian (11%) dominant culture of Britain

Question 45

give an example of multi culutral curriculum

Answer 45

Re lessons teach about world faith and Geography lessons teach about indigenous cultures

Question 46

Strength of multi cultural curriculum

Answer 46

Multiculturalism has lead to increased equality of all groups (including SEN, FSM & EAL students) being priority OFSTED will evaluate the performance of these vunerable pupils

Question 47

Criticism of multi cultural curriculum

Answer 47

The teachings suggest that they are distinct from British values linked to human rights

Question 48

what are the British values

Answer 48

liberty, democracy, tolerance and rule of law