Education - Class Differences in Achievement - External Factors Flashcards
(4 cards)
Cultural Deprivation
cultural deprivation
BERNSTEIN:
Speech Codes - Differences in speech codes put working-class children at a disadvantage because the elaborated code is used by teachers, textbooks and exams. Early socialisation into the elaborated code means that middle-class pupils are already at an advantage.
DOUGLAS:
Parents’ Education - Working-class parents place less value on education; they are less ambitious for their children and give them less encouragement to participate in educational activities, such as homework. As a result of this, many working-class parents do not attend parents evening.
SUGARMANN:
Working-class Subcultures - Sugarmann identifies 4 key acts that act as a barrier to educational achievement for working class pupils:
Fatalism- there’s nothing you can do to change your status
Collectivism - valuing being part of a group more than being an individual
Immediate gratification- seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future
Present time orientation- seeing the present as more important than the future, therefore having no long-term goals
Material Deprivation
Material deprivation
HOUSING
Poor housing can affect a pupils achievement directly and indirectly:
Overcrowding means there is no room for educational activities, such as homework and reading. It also means disturbed sleep from sharing bedrooms.
Families living in temp accommodation may find themselves having to move frequently, leading to disturbed education
Overcrowded homes mean greater risk of accidents and a higher risk of getting ill. This may lead to absence from school
DIET AND HEALTH
Young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. Poor nutrition affects health, for example, by weakening the child’s immune system- this may result in more absences from school (Howard).
Cultural Capital
Cultural Capital
BOURDIEU:
Middle-class children with cultural capital are better equipped to meet the demands on the school curriculum. Parents can convert the cultural capital into economic capital, for example, they can send their children to private schools.
