education gender Flashcards
(41 cards)
list the external factors of gender differences
- impact of feminism
- changes in the family
- changes in expectations & ambition
- changes in employment
5.boys & literacy
list internal factors of gender differences
1.equal opportunities pollices
2.GCSE & coursework
2. postive role models for girls & challenging stereotypes in cirruclum
3. teacher attention & expectations
4. selection & marketisation
5. laddish subcultures
EXTENRAL
1. impact of feminism
feminist movement - considered success improving women’s rights & opportunities thru changes in LAW e.g. deviorce.
in turn affected girls SELF-IMAGINE & AMBITIONS regards to families & careers
= explains improvements in educational achievement.
who found changes in media messages n images
- impact of feminism
McRobbie
found girls magazines contain images of independent assertive women
however this could’ve had undesirable impact on boys self-imagine
EXTERNAL
- changes in the family
since 1970s
changed ATTITUDES TOWARDS EDUCATION & EMPLOYMENT
increase in divorce, decreases marriage, increase lone-parent, trend towards smaller families = WOMEN NOW TAKE ON BREADWINNER ROLE.
this achieved INDEPENDENCE women need well paid jobs = better qualifications.
MORE WOMEN BREADWINNER = ROLE-MODEL FOR YOUNGER GIRLS
NO LONGER RELY ON MEN MONEY
when did changes occur in family
1970
- changes in ambitions & expectations
external
women now more ambitious in terms of education & careers
Sharpe & O’conner studies support.
LINK- changes in expectations - trend towards individualism in society.
FULLER STUDY - found girls see educational success as central aspect to their identity.
believed in meritocracy & aimed for professional careers where they could support themselves.
- changes in employment
external
POLICES - EQUAL PAY ACT 1970, SEX DISCRIMINATION ACT 1975
MITOS & BROWNE claim: expansion of employment opportunities for women esp in service sector & growth of flexible part-time work made females MORE AMBITIOUS & VALUE EDUCATION MORE.
SOME WOMEN BREAKING THRU GLASS CIELING HIGH PROFFESSIONAL JOBS.
M&B also:
point out decline in male jobs - especially SEMI-SKILLED MANUAL JOBS. due to GLOBALISION - CHINA.
= led to MALE IDENTITY CRISIS.
= young boys see little value in education now.
- masculinity and boys
external
parents often spend less time reading to their sons & when they do usually MUMS = FEMININE ACTIVITY.
boys leisure pursuits, football & computer games little help for development of language.
CONTRAST GIRLS- BEDROOM CULTURE talking to friends reading.
EVALUATION OF EXTERNAL FACTORS FOR GENDER DIFFERENCES
- REDUCTIONIST
internal may be to blame.
home background are too oversimplified. - assumes most males & females display these attitudes also linked to SOCAIL CLASS.
wc girls continue to have gender stereotype aspirations.
BIGGART
found WC girls face an uncertain p[ostion in labour market & see motherhood as only viable option.
hence little point in achieving in School.
IGNORE OTHER FACTORS THAN GENDER FOR IMPACT ON DIFFERENCE. - RADICAL FEMINIST
CRITICAL VIEW
PATRIARCHY STILL EXISTS IN WIDER SOCIETY
many girls still not achieving their potential
women struggle to crack glass ceiling
FTSE 100 COMPANIES
BRITIAN
7% CHIEF EXCUTIVES WOMEN
GENDER GAP IN ACHIEVEMENT OFFICAL STATS
DFE 2013:
BOYS 2X more likely statement of special educational needs than girls
GIRLS get nearly better in every GCSE (more likely to go uni)
VOCATIONAL COURSE:
more girls achieve distinction grades in every subject even when they’re the minority (construction & engineering)
internal
- equal opportunities policies
policies make teachers more aware of gender issues & need to avoid stereotyping.
equaL oppotunies r now apart of mainstream thinking & several policies initiatives have attempted to remove barriers to success.
what is GIST/WISE
increased female interest, motivation & performance in science and technology
what effect fid the national circculim in 1988 have
gave girls & boys opportunity to study the same subjects
what affect did the abolishment of the 11+ have??
girls had to perform better than boys to pass 11+ and get into grammar schools.
what did BOALER say abt educational policies improving girls achievement
impact of ed policies is a key reason fir changes. many of the barriers have been removed & schooling has become more meritocratic
- GCSE & COURSE WORK
INTERNAL
GOARD: gender gap increased sharply in 1988-1989.
this was the yr GCSE introduced, brining course work w it, major part nearly all subjects.
TF- gender gap seen as product of changed system rather than anymore general fuelling of boys.
what did MITSOS & BROWNE FIND IN COURSEWORK??
girls have more success in coursework bc they’re more conscientious & better organised than boys
e.g. girls spend more time on their work, take more Carew in presentation, better deadlines
=girls achievement improved
GCSE MORE ORAL EXAMS
benefited girls bc develop LANGUAGE SKILS
what did ELWOOD disagree w mitsos n Browne
unlikely the introduction of coursework is the ONLY cause of achievement gap bc coursework is much lower than WRITTEN EXAMS
= something else must be involved.
what did SEWELL SAY ABT GCSE & course work
argues education has become more feminised
fewer oppotunies for outdoor adventure, competiviness & leadership
TRAITS THAT APPEAL TO BOYS
HOW HAS ROLE MODELS IN SCHOOL CHAnged
increase in female teachers & head.
act as role models
give girls goals to aim for
explain LACK OF STRONG MALE ROLE MODELS
schools maybe impacted on boys underachievement
men make up of 16% primary School teachers
only 39% of 8-11 have no lessons at all w male teacher
YOUGOV SERVEY -boys polled male teacher = better behaved.
=PRIMARY SCHOOLS BECOME FEMINISED
EXPLAIN REMOVING GENDER STEREOTYPES IN LEARNING MATERIALS
research - 70s, 80s
reading schemes portrayed women mainly as housewives & mothers.
physics books- women frightened by sciences
REMOVAL LED TO MORE AMBITION & BELEIF IN GIRLS
what did mitsos and Browne find in teacher expectations
lower expectations of males & more tolerant of disruptive beh.
teachers do not push boys to full potential. = SFP
