Education - Gender EXTERNAL and Gender & subject choices Flashcards
What were McRobbie’s findings for girls?
Impact of feminism in magazines compared 70s to 90s magazines and found that 70s emphasizes the importance of getting married whereas the 90s women were appearing to be career women and limiting expressive roles.
What were McRobbie’s finding for boys?
‘Bedroom culture’. Boys were encouraged to be active and girls were encouraged to be passive. Boys were expected to kick a ball whereas girls are more likely to read or talk.
How did changes in family increase achievement for girls?
Increases in divorce rate, cohabitation and female headed lone parents has meant that girls need to be socially and economically independent and not rely on a man. Girls have realised that they can have both a family and a career. Independence is important but also desirable.
How have changed in employment benefitted females in education/work?
Due to a shift in legislation there have been changes in employment opportunities. Such as the Equal Pay Act (1970) and sex discrimination act (1975). Numbers of women in employment has risen from 47% to 70% and there has been a fall in the pay gap (30%->17%)
What was Sharpe’s findings?
Girls have different ambitions. Interviews of w/c girls were done in the 70s and 90s. In the 70s a girls priorities were love, marriage, husbands, children jobs and careers. In the 90s she found that a girls priority changed to careers and independence.
What was Mitsos and Browne’s findings for boys?
Literacy skills. Because boys are socialised differently it results to poorer literacy skills. There was a belief that reading was feminine which fed into the lack of skills. Definite answers made boys feel comfortable whilst English and interpretive subjects made them feel uncomfortable.
What did Mac an Ghaill find for boys?
A decline in male jobs has led to a ‘crisis of masculinity’ which boys are unsure of their future roles. Because of globalisation of the economy and manufacturing industry moving to developing countries, many men have lost their traditional role. The insecurity is then reflected in schools where boys don’t see the point in working hard and trying to achieve.
What did Norman find? (G & S choices)
Notes that girls and boys are dressed differently given different toys and encouraged to take part in different activities. Parents reward boys for being active and girls for being passive. This leads to children’s beliefs about gender domains - Tasks and activities that boys and girls see as male/female territory.
What did Kelly find? (G & S choices)
Certain subjects ‘give off’ a gendered image which may dis/encourage boys and girls. This study shows science was seen as a male subject due to high number of male teachers and textbooks that draw on male experiences not female. Boys were also seen to dominate the lab. DfES found pupils in same sex schools less likely hold these stereotypes subject images.
What did Paetcher find? (G & S choices)
Subject choice can also be influenced by peer pressure. Boys and girls may apply pressure to an individual is they disapprove of his/her choice. This geezer found that pupils see sport as a male subject, girls who are sporty have to cope with an image that contradicts the conventional female stereotype. Male students found to have label girls ‘lesbians’ and ‘butch’
How did gendered career opportunities effect education?
Employment remains highly gendered. Jobs tend to be sex types as ‘men’s’ and ‘woman’s’. Women’s jobs tend to involve work similar to that performed by housewives, such as childcare or nursing.
