Education key thinkers

Question 1

BERNSTEIN

Answer 1

Speech codes

Question 2

DOUGLAS

Answer 2

Parent’s Education

W.C. Less likely to be involved with their child’s education

Question 3

FEINSTEIN

Answer 3

M.C. Better educated - socialise their children to view it positively

Question 4

SUGARMAN

Answer 4

Fatalism
Present-time orientation
Immediate Gratification
Collectivism

Question 5

Answer to educational barriers?

Answer 5

COMPENSATORY EDUCATION
E.g. Sure Start centres & Sesame Street

Question 6

KEDDIE

Answer 6

Cult Dep is a myth.
School should cater to the needs, but doesn’t because it has m.c. values.

Question 7

BLACKSTONE & MORTIMORE

Answer 7

W.c. parents work longer hours so can’t go to parents evenings

Question 8

TANNER - MAT DEP

Answer 8

Resources like laptops are a huge burden on poor families

Question 9

FLAHERTY

Answer 9

Only 20% take up free school meals

Question 10

CALENDAR & JACKSON

Answer 10

W.c. Debt averse.
5x less likely to go to uni

Question 11

BOURDIEU (Marxist)

Answer 11

Cultural capital

Question 12

Habitus

Answer 12

Taken for granted ways of thinking taken up by a particular social class

Question 13

BECKER - LABELLING

Answer 13

Interviewed 60 Chicago teachers on their thoughts on the ‘ideal pupil’.

Typically m.c.

Question 14

RIST - LABELLING

Answer 14

Children separated into groups:

• Tigers - smartest, m.c.
• Clowns - w.c.

Question 15

Labelling theory is too deterministic

Answer 15

It assumes everyone labelled will internalise it (FULLER’S STUDY SHOWS OTHERWISE)

Question 16

LACEY - Subcultures

Answer 16

Differentiation - teachers categorise pupils

Polarisation - pupils respond to labelling by either pro-school or anti-school

Question 17

WOODS - Subcultures

Answer 17

There were more responses than polarisation:

• retreatism
• ritualism
• ingratiation
• rebellion

Question 18

ARCHER

Answer 18

Nike Identities - builds on BORDIEU’S idea

Question 19

ARCHER & Habitus

Answer 19

M.c. Have similar Habitus to teachers so they receive symbolic capital from teachers

Question 20

BEREITER & ENGLEMANN

Answer 20

Language spoken by black families at home is inadequate for educational success

Question 21

MOYNIHAN

Answer 21

Many black families have a lone-parent structure headed by a mother

Question 22

SEWELL

Answer 22

Boys turn to subcultures not because of absence of fathers, but because of lack of tough love

Question 23

SEWELL

Answer 23

Asian students benefit from Asian work ethic

Question 24

PALMER

Answer 24

Almost 1/2 of EM children live in low-income households, compared to 1/4 of white children

Question 25

WOOD ET AL

Answer 25

Only 1 in 16 EM applications got an interview, compared to 1 in 9 “white” applicants

Question 26

GILLBORN & YOUDELL

Answer 26

Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils

Question 27

ARCHER - pupil identities

Answer 27

- demonised - pathologised - “over-achiever” - ideal

Question 28

SEWELL - boys responses

Answer 28

- rebels - conformists - retreatists - innovators

Question 29

Ethnocentric curriculum- BALL

Answer 29

History - ignores history of black and Asian people

Question 30

GILLBORN - Assessment

Answer 30

Fixed to maintain dominant culture’s superiority

Question 31

MCROBBIE - gender

Answer 31

1970s magazines - importance of marriage 1990s - strong independent women

Question 32

SHARPE - gender

Answer 32

90s - girls prioritised career 70s - girls prioritised marriage

Question 33

SHARPE - gender

Answer 33

90s - girls prioritised career 70s - girls prioritised marriage

Question 34

Bedroom culture

Answer 34

Girls more likely to stay at home and do educational activities from a young age

Question 35

Gender - boys

Answer 35

Mothers spend less time reading to their sons

Question 36

SEWELL - boys

Answer 36

They underachieve because the curriculum is **feminised**

Question 37

Yougov - boys

Answer 37

Only 14% of primary school teachers are male

Question 38

EPSTEIN - boys

Answer 38

Laddish subcultures - called sissies if they conform

Question 39

Gov policies - boys

Answer 39

Dads and Sons Male teacher recruitment

Question 40

Gov policies - girls

Answer 40

GIST WISE **encourages girls to go into areas that aren’t traditionally feminine, like science**

Question 41

What year did tripartite schools begin?

Answer 41

1944 Grammar Secondary modern Technical Reproduction of class inequality

Question 42

1979-1997 Conservative Gov - New vocationalism

Answer 42

Used to combat unemployment - apprenticeships **However, reinforced gender patterns**

Question 43

1988 - Conservatives

Answer 43

Education Reform Act - Marketisation created an education market Increased competition between schools

Question 44

DAVID

Answer 44

Parentocracy - school is ruled by parents

Question 45

Policies promoting marketisation:

Answer 45

League tables & ofsted reports published Tuition fees for uni Specialist schools allow parents more choice