Education- Topic 1 (Paper1) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What percentage of Britain’s children attend private school?
7%
What percentage of entrants to Oxford and Cambridge come from private school?
50%
What are internal factors?
Within schools and education system- between pupil and teachers.
What are external factors?
Outside the education system- family.
According to cultural deprivation theorists, why do many working class children underachieve in education?
Many working class families fail to socialise their children adequately. These children grow up ‘culturally deprived.’
Summaries language in terms of cultural deprivation.
It is an essential park of the process of education and the way in which parents communicate with their children affects their cognitive development and their ability to benefit from the process of schooling.
How does language affect educational development?
Hubbs-Taitet al- Parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding or abilities, cognitive performance improves.
Feinstein- found that more educated parents use language to challenge their children unlike less educated parents.
Summaries speech codes.
The restricted code- is speech code typically used by the working class- limited vocabulary.
The elaborated code- is speech code typically used by the middles class- wider vocabulary.
How does speech codes affect educational achievement?
Teachers and exams use elaborate code which means middle class pupils are more likely to achiever higher.
Summaries parents’ education.
Argues that parents’ attitude to education is a key factor affecting children’s achievement.
Douglas (1964) found working class parents placed less value on education.
How does parents education affect educational achievement?
Parents were less ambitious for their children. This gives them less encouragement. They visited schools less often which meant their children had lower level of motivation and achievement.
Summaries parenting style.
Emphasis discipline and high expectations of their children and supports achievement. Less educated parents may have harsh or inconsistent discipline.
How does parenting styles affect educational achievement?
Educated parents support achievement.
Less educated parents prevents the child from learning independence.
Summaries parents’ educational behaviours.
Educated parents are more aware of what is needed to assist their children’s educational progress.
They are more able to get better expert advice.
They can do certain educational activities with their children.
How dues patents’ educational behaviours affect educational achievement?
This means they engage in behaviours such as reading to their children letters, numbers and songs.
Summaries use of income.
Middles class have more money which can be used to promote their children’s educational success. Working class are more likely to not have these.
How does use of income affects educational achievement?
This means middle class children are more likely to have a better educational success as they have more resources. They know more about nutrition.
Summaries class, income and parental education.
Feinstein notes that parental education has an influence on children’s achievement in its own rights, regardless off class or income.
How does class, income and parental education affect educational achievement?
Parents education influences the children’s achievement.
Summaries working class subculture.
Sugarman- working class groups have “different goals” to the middle class.
Working class- fatalistic- what will be will be.
What is the aim of compensatory education?
To tackle the problem of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources.
Examples od compensatory education.
Operation head start- USA
improving parenting skills, setting up nursery classes, home visits by educational psychologists.
3 criticisms of cultural deprivation theory.
Keddie dismisses the idea. Working-class children fail as they are put at a disadvantage by an education system that is dominated by middle-class values. 
Troyes and Williams argues that the problem isn’t the child’s language, but the schools attitudes towards it. Teachers have a speech hierarchy that they label middle-class speech highest followed by working-class speech and finally black speech.
Black stone and Mortimer they attend fewer parents evenings, not because of lack of interest, but because they work longer hours or less regular hours or are put off by the schools middle-class atmosphere.
Define material deprivation.
Refers to poverty and a lack of material necessities such as adequate housing, and income.
