Educational Attainment Theorists

Question 1

Poor parent cant afford additional resources such as books, computers and space to work

Answer 1

Smith and Noble

Question 2

Link between poor nutrition particularly during pregnancy and educational under achievement

Answer 2

Feinstein

Question 3

Working class children have worse language and thinking skills than middle class children restrictive language

Answer 3

Bernstein

Question 4

Working class parents don’t value education

Answer 4

Douglas

Question 5

Schools are middle class institutions and pass on the norms and values of capitalist society. Schools socializes children but only to produce more workers known as correspondence principle

Answer 5

Bowles and Gintis

Question 6

Noticed how teachers labeled children based on background and interacts with them based on these labels

Answer 6

Becker

Question 7

Schools streamed students based on behavior and not performance

Answer 7

Ball

Question 8

Found working class children often under marked by teachers which leads to them accepting their label

Answer 8

Goodacre

Question 9

Children can and have rejected labels

Answer 9

Safia-Mirza

Question 10

Laddish, clowning behavior among boys and girls is a from of self protection strategy as a response to over testing and over emphasis on educational success in school

Answer 10

Jackson

Question 11

biological differences between male and females over stated difference between individuals much greater than differences in genders as a whole

Answer 11

Bob Connell

Question 12

Term genderquake to describe the large changes taking place in gender patterns

Answer 12

Helen Wilkinson

Question 13

Gender differences at schools reflect the creation of gender identity this begin in the home and is reinforced by secondary socialization through education and media reason for boys picking ‘masculine’ subjects

Answer 13

Sue Sharpe

Question 14

Middle class girls more likely to opt for male dominated subjects while working class girls have more traditional view of careers

Answer 14

Clarricoates

Question 15

some boys likely to reject values of education and form anti school sub cultures linked to form of masculinity linked to male work in traditional industries which required limited qualifications

Answer 15

Willis

Question 16

Males feel threatened and so distance themselves from femininity as girls move towards male areas of achievement

Answer 16

Francis

Question 17

researched in 1970s girls were focused on finding a husband a repeat done in 1990 found that girls now try to find a career

Answer 17

Sharpe

Question 18

Some ethnic groups are less intelligent than others proven by intelligence test but no longer seen as a valid theory

Answer 18

Murray and other new right thinkers

Question 19

in primary school black and white children from disadvantaged backgrounds failed to make expected progress however Indian and Chinese children from similar backgrounds exceeded expectation

Answer 19

Strand

Question 20

schools should promote idea of multicultural Britain because many schools were institutionally racist

Answer 20

Swan Report

Question 21

pointed out racist attitudes among schools and teachers

Answer 21

Gilroy and others

Question 22

Although teaching staff opposed racism they still held stereotypical views which saw some children as problematic e.g. Asian girls more submissive black Caribbean boys had less educational potential

Answer 22

Wright

Question 23

Racism in school led to a rejection of schooling by black Caribbean boys which he called a culture of resistance

Answer 23

Stuart Hall

Question 24

Single mothers can be positive role models for young women who perform better in education knowing that they may raise a family of on their own. May account for high rates among Caribbean girls compared to Caribbean boys

Answer 24

Wright

Question 25

Analysed data from 1970 birth cohort study found test scores at 22 months predicted educational attainment at 26 years and were related to family background as children from porter background who achieved better at 22 months often overtake by poor attainers from wealthy backgrounds

Answer 25

Feinstein

Question 26

Suggest that children have a 7.5x chance of poor educational attainment if their fathers also did bad in school

Answer 26

ONS

Question 27

Found link between diet high in fat and reduced intelligence in children

Answer 27

Avon Longitudinal Study

Question 28

Poorer families tend to have weak learning environments so there is little to read and few computers available for children because these are expensive items

Answer 28

Goodman and Gregg

Question 29

Pointed out significance of clothing and style in culture of young people. Failure to attain style left young people without status

Answer 29

Louise Archer

Question 30

Working class underachieving linked to social factors suggested younger people spend more time outside than inside school and so social factors outside schools can significantly influence school attainment. These factors include aspirations, cultural knowledge,quality of parents and time spending time on homework

Answer 30

Association of school and college leaders 2014

Question 31

Issue not aspiration but rather knowledge of the routes through education and employment to achieve ambitions

Answer 31

Joseph Rowntree foundation

Question 32

Studies very poor people in Mexico in the 1940s and 1950s identified what he called a culture of poverty he concluded that they had a fatalistic approach to life

Answer 32

Oscar Lewis

Question 33

Announced free parenting classes in areas of high to mediums level of deprivation among other things parents are taught to provide stimulating learning environments, to eat meals as a family and to insist on bedtimes and consistent discipline

Answer 33

Children’s Minister 2011 Sarah Teather

Question 34

Criticised Bernstein elaborated and restrictive language by studying language patterns among black Americans and said language doesn’t limit thought

Answer 34

Labov

Question 35

Claimed working class culture is not inferior but different the response to the culture by teachers is the real problem

Answer 35

Keddie

Question 36

Pointed out that by looking at cultural failings in the working class the government can safely ignore issues of funding and social deprivation and material deprivation

Answer 36

Reay and others

Question 37

Suggest that focus on cultural deprivation also directs attention away from school processes that contribute to working class failure

Answer 37

Interactionists

Question 38

Supports bourdieus cultural capital theory finding parents with high level of qualifications are able to use their knowledge and influence to benefit their children. Use their professional knowledge to prepare their children for demands of school and teachers while working class parents teach children how to cope with disadvantage and bullying

Answer 38

Gillies

Question 39

Boys are less likely to be conscientious in schools

Answer 39

Mitsos and Browne

Question 40

Masculinity no longer clear for boys as girls have challenged their assumption that to be male is to be superior so they experience a crisis of masculinity which involves a rejection of what can be seen as feminine such as success in school

Answer 40

Mac an Ghaill

Question 41

Boys tended to have a different approach ch to examinations preferring not to be seen to work this examination revision is left to the last minute

Answer 41

Ruddock

Question 42

Described the process as consisting of 3 stages and teachers may be subject to halo effect so behaviours from pupils labelled good will be accepted while the same behaviour punished for challenging pupils

Answer 42

Hargreaves

Question 43

Those labelled as failing or naughty pupils tend to form friendship groups with counter school culture status is gained by challenging teachers and not conforming to their expectations

Answer 43

Hargreaves

Question 44

Suggested that teachers could affect pupil attainment favouring those they thought of as intelligent would then go on and succeed however it is a controversial study due to its experiment not able to be repeated on ethical grounds

Answer 44

Rosethal and Jacobson

Question 45

Suggested that teachers could affect pupil attainment favouring those they thought of as intelligent would then go on and succeed however it is a controversial study due to its experiment not able to be repeated on ethical grounds

Answer 45

Rosethal and Jacobson

Question 46

Found teachers making educational judgements on the basis of social class and appearance and favoured middle class children

Answer 46

Becker and rist

Question 47

Careers teachers gave different advice to working and middle class pupils

Answer 47

Cicourel and Kitsuse

Question 48

Recent research in Britain and USA found students taught in mixed ability classes outperform those in streamed classes

Answer 48

Boaler

Question 49

Found that black minorities are often found mostly in lower sets in school

Answer 49

Gillborn and Youdell

Question 50

Poor organisational structure and low teacher expectation were identified as characteristics of sink schools generally found in areas of high deprivation and poverty

Answer 50

Stoll and Fink