Family Theorists

Question 1

Challenged functionalist assumptions by showing how working class families lived in extended family

Answer 1

Willmott and Young

Question 2

Described the amount of abuse in nuclear families

Answer 2

Mirrlees-Black

Question 3

Nuclear family not equal as male expected to own and have the power in the household

Answer 3

Player

Question 4

Triple shift

Answer 4

Dunconbe and Marsden

Question 5

Families socialise children into traditional gender patterns which perpetuate gender inequality

Answer 5

Oakley

Question 6

People more socially and geographically mobile supportive role taken over by friends instead of family

Answer 6

Pahl (Postmodernist)

Question 7

Traditional nuclear breadwinner male and female housewife is ideal family structure

Answer 7

Parsons

Question 8

Suggest existence of divorce causes view that parent child relationship more satisfying than adult partnerships

Answer 8

Smart and Neale

Question 9

Gay relationships not new only change is it’s now publicly acknowledged and doesn’t need hidden

Answer 9

Heaphy

Question 10

Living apart together

Answer 10

Levin

Question 11

Increased diversity in family structures and way people choose to live together

Answer 11

Gillies and jamieson

Question 12

Increased diversity over stated always been varied family forms but people were more discrete in past to avoid ridicule

Answer 12

Crow

Question 13

Main employer now is service industry not manufacturing which was male dominated more women work now and fewer male breadwinner families exist

Answer 13

Macionis and Plummer

Question 14

Government policy led more women into workplace meaning children and relationships later in life so decrease in fertility don’t need to stay in unhappy relationships and child minding done by grandparents (1970 equal pay act)

Answer 14

Lewis

Question 15

Marriage no longer economically necessary for women so less marriages

Answer 15

Flour and Buchanan

Question 16

Marriage now a matter of choice people have higher expectations of marriage and due to lighter divorce laws they can easily leave relationships

Answer 16

Drew

Question 17

Changing technology hasn’t damaged family as it is reaction of social need such as mobile phones so people can stay in touch while being more geographically mobile

Answer 17

Silva

Question 18

Saturated family: due to technology families are more fractured as there are sources of entertainment in every room they don’t sit together

Answer 18

Gergen

Question 19

Links welfare payment to unmarried women, illegitimate births, crime and refusal of young men to get jobs

Answer 19

Charles Murray

Question 20

Belief of church that people should stay married is now irrelevant as formal religion declined

Answer 20

Wilson

Question 21

People expect more from marriage and women expect more from life than marriage and domestic labour

Answer 21

Fletcher

Question 22

People accept co habitation now as a legitimate living arrangement and not just a trial marriage

Answer 22

Coast

Question 23

People choose co habitation due to fear of divorce

Answer 23

Morgan (New right)

Question 24

Older people who live alone will not live with other people again

Answer 24

Smith and Chandler

Question 25

Living alone is seen as mark of success among younger people

Answer 25

Klinenburg

Question 26

Childhood is a social construction and has only existed as a special part of life for 150 years in west

Answer 26

Aries

Question 27

Children have expressive and instrumental role in family

Answer 27

Mayall

Question 28

Studied girl friend groups found they can be supportive and caring but also bitch,fall out and exclude others from social network

Answer 28

Hey

Question 29

Studied how boys constructed masculinity and how this prevented boys from discussing or managing feelings

Answer 29

Frosh

Question 30

Argues British culture has become child centred people have less children but focus more time and energy in their children

Answer 30

Pilcher

Question 31

Childhood is disappearing as: - children have rights - can access adult world due to TV - imitate adult behavior in dress and criminal activity

Answer 31

Postman

Question 32

Toxic childhood: working parents leave less adult time for children who are vulnerable to damage from junk food and television leads to obesity, self harm, early sex, binge drinking

Answer 32

Sue Palmer

Question 33

Parenting now seen as complex skill that needs learned

Answer 33

Furedi

Question 34

Men help women more with domestic labour now but domestic labour is still the job of women

Answer 34

Wilmott and Young

Question 35

Housework is oppressive and dissatisfying especially with women movement into workplace

Answer 35

Oakley and Gavron

Question 36

Men now have to support women in domestic labour out of necessity as both now work

Answer 36

Devine

Question 37

Men made the infrequent important decisions for the family in middle class families even when both work

Answer 37

Edgell

Question 38

Women made frequent smaller decisions men dealt with bigger more expensive issues such as buying a car

Answer 38

Pahl

Question 39

When both partners work still male dominance in decisions but shifting towards equality

Answer 39

Hardhill

Question 40

Lagged adaption: men having to change to women joining workforce but doing it slower than women

Answer 40

Gershuny

Question 41

Women behavior in household constrained by fear of men

Answer 41

Hanmer and Saunders

Question 42

Pure relationships: people stay together out of happiness not out of necessity different from romantic love which was a myth used to tie women to marriage

Answer 42

Giddens

Question 43

Majority of women happy in traditional family roles and can control men through erotic capital

Answer 43

Hakim

Question 44

In disadvantaged families e.g lone parent, disabled children Grandparents provide emotion, practical and financial support even at their own cost

Answer 44

Hillman and Hastings

Question 45

Carers are mostly women and men in their 40s and 50s who are in work with 3 million workers being carers

Answer 45

Bryan

Question 46

Nuclear family developed to suit needs of modern industrial society known as fit thesis

Answer 46

Functionalists e.g Parsons criticised by historians

Question 47

Family has two functions for society Stabilisation of adult personality Socialisation of children

Answer 47

Parsons

Question 48

Four functions of family - control sexual behavior of adults - economic support for children - reproduction - education of family members

Answer 48

Murdock

Question 49

Neo conventional family: family diversity overstated nuclear family still most dominant but in new form were both parents work

Answer 49

Chester

Question 50

Families taught children to accept inequality as father is dominant and in control

Answer 50

Althusser

Question 51

Family is only place working men can feel they have power aswell as men with families less likely to take strike action against employers

Answer 51

Zaretsky

Question 52

Types of family diversity: family structures, ethnic and cultural variations, social class differences, life course, generation born into (Cohort)

Answer 52

Rapoports

Question 53

Family undergone major changes as society is now unpredictable

Answer 53

Cheal

Question 54

Change in family caused by greater equality between men and women but the cost of this is less stable personal relationships

Answer 54

Giddens

Question 55

Risk society: tradition has less influence people have more choices and are more aware of the risks and rewards. Families are now negotiated and leave if they aren’t satisfied with relationships

Answer 55

Beck

Question 56

Routines make a family not relationships

Answer 56

David Morgan

Question 57

Women drivers of family change women now have opportunities to create new and varied family structures

Answer 57

Stacey

Question 58

Family’s remain fairly traditional but acceptance of difference is growing

Answer 58

Weeks

Question 59

Traditional family threatened by welfare state as young men didn’t have to take responsibility for fatherhood and children grow up with no male role model which leads to lazy, benefit dependent and criminal

Answer 59

Charles Murray

Question 60

Crtiqued Parson Fit theory using Census to show how nuclear family existed before industrial revolution and extended family still apart of nuclear family structure after Industrial Revolution

Answer 60

Social Historians Lasslett & Horeven