Educational Policy & Inequality Flashcards
What 3 policies were introduced?
1870 Elementary Education Act
1918 Education Act
1944 Butler Act
What is the 1870 Elementary Education ACt?
Known as the Forster’s Education Act made sure that every child between the ages of 5 and 12 had access to education in Britain.
What is the 1918 Education Act?
Known as the Fisher Act extended compulsory until the age of 14 for all children.
What is the 1944 Butler Act?
Raised the age of compulsory education to 15 and introduced the tripartite system providing 3 different types of schools for different types of students.
What was the tripartite system based on?
It was based on selection where the entry depended on performance in the 11+ exam.
It introduced the idea that education could provide the training some pupils needed in order to go straight into work which is known as vocational education.
What happened if you pass the 11+ exam?
If you pass you go to grammar school which is mainly middle class/ uper class people. There is access to higher education and non-manual jobs.
What happened if you failed the 11+ exam?
There were two options: modern secondary school or technical school
Modern secondary school: offered a non-academic ‘practical’ curriculum and access to manual jobs which mainly w/c pupils had.
Technical schools: A practical and vocational education, aimed at occupations related to skilled manual jobs. This is w/c pupils.
What was introduced in 1965?
The Comprehensive School System. This was expanded to create a ‘one size fits all’ school system that all students could attend.
This aimed to overcome the class divide of the tripartite system because non-selective schools had no entry exam .
What are the main features of marketisation of education? What do they do? (3)
Control - reduces state/ local education authority control over education by allowing schools and colleges to control their own affairs to run like private businesses.
Competition - making schools and colleges compete with each other for customers (parents/pupils)
Choice - promoting parentocracy by giving parents a choice of schools enabling them to choose which school best suited their child.
What did the ERA introduce that Margaret Thatcher was apart of? (7)
National curriculum
National Tests
League tables
Ofsted reports
City Technology Colleges and Grant Maintained Schools
Formula funding
Open enrolment
What is the evaluation of marketisation policies? (2)
Bartlett: cream-skimming = Good schools can be more selective and choose their own customers and recruit high achieving middle class pupils. Silt-shifting = Good schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are less likely to get good results and damage the school’s league table.
Gewirtz: Myth of meritocracy. Not everybody has the same chances in schools which makes it a myth. Not everyone goes to school with the same abilities like m/c may already be able to read before they go to school.
What policies did the New Labour government introduce for compensatory education? (9)
City Academies - helped to give a frest start to inner ciry schools in deprived areas.
Sure Start - designed to support children under the age of 4 with learning skills and health etc.
Education Action Zones - extra funded for schools in deprived areas to improve performance.
Specialist Schools - they teach the national curriculum and specialise in one area.
Education Maintenance Allowance - payments to students from low income to stay on after 16.
National Literacy Strategy - emphasis on phonic, spelling etc.
Aim Higher Programme - run by universities to get lower class in universities.
Tuition Fees - for higher education
Public-private partnerships - increasing involvement of private companies in financing and building of state schools.
What policies did the coalition government introduce? (7)
Introduced linear two-year A-Levels and reduction in coursework based assessments.
Pupil premium - given additional funding for each pupil of a disadvantaged background.
New national curriculum.
Converter academies - schools were encouraged to become independent academies free from local authority control.
Introduction to free schools
Expansion of grammar schools
Free schooll meals - for children in reception, year 1 and 2.
What are the new education policies that were introduced? (4)
Increasing education funding - by £14 billion
Improved discipline and standards in classrooms - Every school will receive regular checks.
Supporting teachers - Salaries for teachers will increase to £30,000 which will attract the best teachers into the profession.
Investing in arts, music and sport - Ensures that students will get an active start to live which helps schools make good use of their sports facilities.
What are the three dimensions of globalisation?
Economic - trade, production and consumption. There has been a decline in manufacturing jobs, jobs ar enow in the service and leisure sectors.
Cultural - rapid spread of ideas and values around the globe like fashion and music.
Increasing migration - more people moving around the globe, the UK is now multicultural.
