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CNUR 107 > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Lacrimal sac

A

the Sac at the side of your eye

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2
Q

Lacramal Gland

A

Gland that is in-between eye brow and eye ball

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3
Q

Order of light passing through

A

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous body then strike the retina

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4
Q

What happens in the retina

A

light stimulus is converted into nerve impulses and send to the visual cortex of the occipital lobe. Image on retina is upside down (reversed)

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5
Q

Opticc chasm

A

– this is where crossing over occurs; the right side of the brain views the left side of the world.

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6
Q

Presbyopia

A

issues with near vision

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7
Q

Who is most likely to get glaucoma

A

African descent have
three to six times higher rate of glaucoma

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8
Q

Macular degeneration

A

breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina loss of central vision, area of clearest vision is the most common cause of blindness

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9
Q

Cataract formation

A

lens opacity is clumping of protein the dense common at age 70

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10
Q

Glaucoma

A

An increased in introcukar pressure damage optic nerve and gradual loss of peripheral vision. Irreversible

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11
Q

Diabetic retinopy

A

caused by high blood sugar due to diabetes.

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12
Q

Risk factors for Glaucoma

A

Age > 60 years
African descent
Female gender
Increased intraocular pressure
Family history
Steroid use
Decreased central corneal thickness
Hypertension
Eye injury
Severe myopia
Diabetes
Use of certain medications

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13
Q

Subjective questions

A

Vision difficulties
Pain
Stabismus/Diplopia
Reddness/Swelling
Watering/Discharge
History of Ocular problems
Glaucoma
Use of glasses or contact lenses
Self-care behaviors
Mediations
Coping with visual changes or vision loss

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14
Q

equipment

A

Snellen eye chart
Handheld visual screener
Opaque card or occluder
Penlight
Applicator stick
Ophthalmoscope

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15
Q

when do you do the Jaegar card

A

Patients over 40

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16
Q

How to test for visual confrontation

A

You stand at eye level about 60cm away from client
Client covers one eye with an opaque card and look straight at the examiner with the other eye
Examiner holds pencil or use finger as a mid-line between them and the client
Examiner advances finger as different direction peripherally
Ask client to say “now” when target is seen.

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17
Q

External inspection

A

Eyelid, lashes, brows, eyeball alignment, conjunctiva and sclera
=Bilaterally, move symmetrically, no lesions, no swelling,

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18
Q

External Ocular structure

A

Inspection of
Conjunctiva & sclera
Eyeball is moist &glossy
Blood vessels on transparent conjunctiva
Clear pink lower eyelids
White sclera
Assess pallor & cyanosis of lower eyelid

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19
Q

Ptosis

A

Neuromuscular weakness or sympathetic nerve damage CNIII

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20
Q

External ear

A

Auricle[pinna], External auditory canal, Ear drum [Tympanic membrane ]

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21
Q

Middle ear

A

Auditory ossicles(malleus, incus, stapes); Eustachian tube

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22
Q

Inner ear

A

Bony labyrinth, Vestibule, Semicircular canals, and Cochlea

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23
Q

Tragus

A

The little floppy part by your lobe

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24
Q

Helix

A

The top fold skin of ar

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25
Job of external ear
Acoustic Antenna Pinna focuses sound waves into the external auditory canal (ear canal) Acts as a resonato
26
What separates the external and middle ear
The tympanic membrane
27
The tympani membrane is
Pearly gray structure and oval shape Semi transparent Moves in response to sound and vibrations which are transmitted via the ossicles to the inner ear
28
3 Layers of tympanic membrane
1. Pars Flaccida 2. Pars Tensa 3. Umbo
29
Function of middle ear
Transmits sound vibrations to inner ear Protects auditory apparatus in inner ear by reducing amplitude of loud sound Equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane (Eustachian Tube)
30
Three bones in middle ear
malleus, incus, stapes
31
Why are children more prone to ear infections
Shorter, wider, & more horizontal eustachian: - makes it easier for bacteria to travel from throat to middle ear
32
Hearing process
-Peripheral -Basilar membrane -receptor -Crania Nerve VIII
32
Importance of the inner ear
bony labyrinth holds sensory organs for equilibrium & hearing bony labyrinth has the semicircular canals & vestibule - vestibular apparatus - maintain equilibrium cochlea – contains central hearing apparatus
33
Peripheral Transmission
transmission of sound waves which vibrates on ear drum; middle ear sends sound waves to cochlea ) Amplitude of sound (loudness) Frequency is the pitch (high
34
Basilar membrane
has organ of Corti (sensory organ of hearing in inner ear). change sound waves to electrical impulse
35
Receptor cells
cells transform sound waves into electric impulse
36
Cranial Nerve VIII
sends electrical impulses to brain stem to identify sound
37
Causes of hearing loss
impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, perforated eardrum, pus or serum in middle ear, otosclerosis (reduced movement of ossicles
38
Sensorineural hearing loss
is pathological damage to the inner ear, cranial nerve VIII, or auditory areas of cerebral cortex.
39
Presbycusis
gradual nerve degeneration with aging or ototoxic medications
40
Vertigo
is inflamed labyrinth causing staggering gait and a strong spinning, whirling sensation.
40
Equilibrium
Equilibrium maintained by semicircular canals or labyrinth in inner ear by sending information to the brain about body’s position in space
41
Otisis Externa
Swimmers ear, red swelling =, discharge scales
42
Tophus
Small white, yellow hard nodules near helix
43
Which ear do you do first with otoscope
the non effected one
44
For adult inspection of ear
pull pina up and back
45
For children under 3 inspection external ear you must
pull pinna back
46
Cerumen
yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear
47
Dry cerumen appears to be
grey, flaky and frequently forms a thin mass in the ear canal Wet cerumen is honey brown to dark brown and moist.
48
Hearing damage may occur at
85 edibles
49
Drugs affecting cochlea can lead to
Hearing loss
49
deviated septum
when the septum is shifted away from the midline.
50
Septum
“wall” that separates nasal cavities
51
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
3 turbinates - superior, middle & inferior - job - more surface area - warm, humidify & filter inhaled air.
52
Rhinitis
Someone may have chronic allergies and problem with rhinitis.
52
What should I see in the nasal cavity
Reddish colour, smooth and moist nasal mucosa
53
What would the mucosa look like with upper respiratory infection
Nasal mucosa – swollen & bright red Discharge – watery, copious, thick, purulent, green-yellow, slightly blood tinged
54
What would chronic respiratory infection look like
Nasal mucosa – swollen, boggy, pale or gray
55
4 sinuses
frontal (accessible) maxillary(accessible) ethmoid sphenoid (Use thumbs to palpate)
56
Roof of mouth
hard palate - located anteriorly - mostly bone (whitish color) & has ridges soft palate - located posteriorly - muscle which is pinker, smoother & can move
57
Oral cavity contains
teeth, gums, tongue and salivary glands
58
Buccal mucosa
the side of the mouth (cheeks)
59
dorsal and ventral surface of the tongue
Dorsal: Surface Ventral: Bottom
59
Candidiasis
Yeast in the mouth
60
Dysphagia
difficulty with swallowing
61
Dysarthria
difficulty with speech
62
Stenens duct
opening of parotid salary glad (small dimple opposite upper 2nd molar
63
Aphthous ulcer
canker sore
64
gum colour
Light skinned individuals – color – pale pinkish/reddish Dark skinned individuals – color – patchy brown pigmentation
65
Gingivitis
Gums – red, swollen, & bleed easily Caused by poor oral hygiene or poor fitting dentures
66
Gingival Hyperplasia
-Happens at puberty, pregnancy, leukaemia, and phenytoin (Swollen)
67
Meth Mouth
Extensive dental caries Gingivitis Tooth Cracking
67
Dental caries
-destruction of texth decaying look chalky and white
68
Throat (Pharynx)
Oropharnyx, tonsils, nasopharynx

CNUR 107 (5 decks)

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