Eey Flashcards

(44 cards)

1
Q

Age-related changes
Eyes Child

A
  • The lens is spherical at birth, growing flatter throughout life
  • Soft plastic at birth to rigid glass in old age
  • Reduced visual acuity is more likely among children who were born premature and among those with neurologic disorders
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2
Q

Age-related changes
Eyes Older age 9

A
  • More refractive errors
  • *-Cataracts**
  • *-Glaucoma**
  • *-Macular degeneration**
  • Presbyopia (after age 40)
  • The lens begins to thicken and yellow
  • Pupil size decreases
  • The lens loses elasticity
  • Older than 65, need glaucoma screening every 1-2 years
  • Impaired night vision
  • Need 3X as much light to see
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3
Q

Cataract

A
  • Clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye
  • Clumping of proteins in the lens
  • Blurry vision

age-related

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4
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Eye conditions that can cause blindness
  • Increased intraocular pressure
  • Diabetes can be a risk factor
  • In people over age 40
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5
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Most common cause decreased visual

It is most present in Caucasians

  • Common eye disorder among people over 50
  • Loss of central vision field
  • Blurred vision

Wet macular degeneration

  • Chronic eye disorder that causes blurred vision or a blind spot
  • Caused by abnormal blood vessels that leak fluid or blood into the macula
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6
Q

Snellen eye Chart

What does it mean by 20/20?

A
  • *The top #**= distance the person is standing from the chart
  • *The bottom #**=distance at which a normal eye could have read that particular line
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7
Q

What does it 20/30” means?

A

“You can read at 20 feet what the normal eye can see from 30 feet away”

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8
Q

Corneal light reflex testing

What is normal?

Abnormal condition? 3

A

Shine light toward the bridge of nose

Normal/straight/ same spot

Abnormal
Esotropia(convergent)
Exotropia(divergent)
Anisocoria(pupillary size different)

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9
Q

Diagnostic Positions Test

Failure means?

A

Failure to follow = indicates weakness of an EOM

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10
Q

Cover-uncover test

Asymmetry means?

A

Asymmetry = deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis

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11
Q

Droopy eyelids

A
  • Abnormal drooping upper eyelid
  • Damage to the nerves
  • Weakness of the muscle
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12
Q

Hordeolum/stye

A
  • A red, painful lump near the edge of the eyelid
  • Look like a boil or pimple
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13
Q

Exophthalmos

A
  • Bulging or protruding eyeballs
  • caused by thyroid eye disease
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14
Q

Pseudoptosis eye

A

Abnormal size of the eye such as the absence of eye development

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15
Q

The nurse is obtaining a focused review of a patient’s eye function.

What statement by the patient would require emergent medical attention?

A

“I see flashing lights and spots.”

Seeing spots or flashing lights could be a sign of retinal detachment, which is a medical emergency.

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16
Q

Scotomias?

A

Area of lost or depressed vision, surrounded by area of normal vision

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17
Q

Presbyopia?

A
  • A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes’ ability
  • Decrees function to focus actively on nearby objects
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18
Q

The functional reflex that allows the eyes to focus on near objects is termed?

A

Accommodation

19
Q

A client frequently experiences dry, irritated eyes.

These findings are consistent with a problem in what part of the eye?

A

Lacrimal apparatus

20
Q

Eyelid

A
  • *Eyelid**
  • The eyelid provides protection to the cornea
  • Two movable structures composed of skin
  • two types of muscle/striated and smooth
  • *Upper eyelid**
  • Contain the meibomian glands, secrete an oily
  • *Lower eyelid**
  • Depress the eyelid in downgaze
  • Maintain the upright position of tarsal plate
21
Q

Pupil and Iris

A

Pupil

  • The hole located in the iris
  • Changes size to allow different amounts of light into the inner eye

Iris

  • The colorful structure of the eye
  • Changes the shape of the pupil to allow for different amounts
22
Q

Accommodation for eyes

Which test?

A

Visual functional reflex

The pt looks at for the near object and then near object and eyes converge and constrict

23
Q

What needs to be examined for iris and pupil?

A
  • Size and shape
  • Pupillary light reflex
  • Accommodation
24
Q

What test is used to test near vision?
How are far should the card be from your face?

A

Pocket snellen chart or rosenbaum card

14 inches

If your pt cant read at 14 inches ?
presbyopia

If your pt cant see it up close ?
hyperopia

25
Hyperopia?
Difficulty with close work
26
What equipment do you use for assessing the ocular fundus?
Ophthalmoscope
27
Refractive error
Very common eye disorder The eye cannot clearly focus the images from the outside world The result of refractive errors is blurred vision
28
Age-related eye disorder Age 3-5? School age to young adult?
**Ages 3 to 5?** Lazy eye **School-age to young adults?** refractive error
29
Myopia ?
Difficulty with distances
30
a) Strabismus ? b) Diplopia ?
a) crossed eyes b) double vision
31
What cranial nerve is visual acuity?
Cranial Nerve II
32
Nystagmus ? What does sustained nystagmus indicate?
Fine, oscillating movements seen best at iris Neurologic conditions
33
a) Pupillary reaction to light ? b) Direct reaction ? Pupillary constriction in same eye
a) Ask pt to look into distance, shine bright light obliquely into each pupil. b) Pupillary constriction in same eye
34
a) This gland produces the **main bulk of the tears**? b) keeps cornea moist (external eye part/protection)
a) lacrimal gland b) Lacrimal apparatus
35
Subjective Data-Eye
Vision difficulty Pain Strabismus (eye misalignment) Diplopia (double vision) Redness Swelling Ptosis (droopy eyelids)
36
Visual acuity What does 20/20 mean?
can stand at 20 feet and read what a person with normal vision can read at 20 feet.
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or light sensitivity is usually from excess light entering the eye, which may overexcite the photoreceptors in the retina
Photophobia
38
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the change in shape of the lenses to bring near objects into focus
Accommodation
39
Retinal structures in a myopic eye look smaller than normal True or False?
False
40
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is when the patient is unable to see in half of the visual field and is generally in one side
Hemianopsia
41
Papilledema refers to swelling of the _____________ and anterior bulging of the physiologic cup
optic disc
42
When a person shifts gaze from a far object to a near one, the pupils dilate True or false?
False
43
A few beats of nystagmus on extreme lateral gaze are normal True or false?
True
44
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are densities in the lens/
Cataracts