Efferent Control

Question 1

Temporalis

Answer 1

CN 5

Elevates, closes and retracts the mandible

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

CN 5

Elevates and closes the mandible

Question 3

Medial pterygoid

Answer 3

CN 5

Elevates and closes the mandible, brings it forward

Question 4

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 4

CN 5

Opens mandible, protrudes, side to side motion

Question 5

Obicularus oris

Answer 5

Facial CN 7
Opens, protrudes, twists lips
Creates a closed system to prevent food from falling out

Question 6

Buccinator

Answer 6

Facial CN 7
Compresses teeth against cheeks
Keeps food on surface of the tongue so it doesn’t end up in the lateral sulci

Question 7

Levator veli palatini

Answer 7

Vagus (10)

Elevates soft palate to create nasopharyngeal seal

Question 8

Musculus uvulae

Answer 8

Vagus (10)
Shortens and raises the uvula
Aids in nasopharyngeal seal

Question 9

Tensor veli palatini

Answer 9

Trigeminal (5)

Stretches/tenses soft palate

Question 10

Hyoglossus

Answer 10

Hypoglossal (12)
Depression and flattening of the tongue
Fixed tongue = hyoid bone elevation
Fixed hyoid bone = retracts and depresses the tongue

Question 11

Genioglossus

Answer 11

Hypoglossal (12)

Brings tongue forward, makes it concave, helping with bolus transport, forms floor of the mouth

Question 12

Styloglossus

Answer 12

Hypoglossal (12) and accessory (11)
Elevates tongue and retracts during swallow
Primary driving force of bolus to back of oral cavity

Question 13

Palatoglossus

Answer 13

Vagus and glossopharyngeal
Forms anterior faucial pillar, important for checking pre-swallow aspiration
Elevation of posterior portion of tongue, lowers palate and narrows fauces

Question 14

Superior longitudinal

Answer 14

Hypoglossal (12)

Turns tip up and lateral margins up

Question 15

Inferior longitudinal

Answer 15

Hypoglossal (12)

Shortens the tongue, turns tip down and lateral margins down

Question 16

Transverse

Answer 16

Hypoglossal (12)

Narrows and elongates the tongue

Question 17

Verticalis

Answer 17

Hypoglossal (12)

Widens/flattens and shortens the tongue

Question 18

Superior and medial constrictor

Answer 18

Vagus
Contracts and moves the bolus to the esophagus
Acts like a pharyngeal stripping wave

Question 19

Inferior constrictor

Answer 19

Vagus
Contraction closes off entrance to esophagus
During swallow, it relaxes allowing water/food to pass into the esophagus

Question 20

Stylopharyngeus

Answer 20

Glossopharyngeal (9)

Shortens and elevates the pharynx

Question 21

Salpingopharyngeus

Answer 21

Vagus (10)
Elevates the pharynx and larynx
Helps open the Eustachian tube for equalizing pressure

Question 22

Palatopharyngeus

Answer 22

Vagus
Assists in vertical shortening of pharynx
creating nasopharyngeal seal

Question 23

Mylohyoid

Answer 23

Trigeminal (5)
Fixed jaw = elevates hyoid bone and tongue
Fixed hyoid = depresses jaw and moves hyoid anteriorly
Forms floor of the mouth

Question 24

Geniohyoid

Answer 24

Hypoglossal (12)

Draws hyoid bone up and forward, lowers jaw

Question 25

Anterior belly of digastric

Answer 25

Trigeminal (5) Fixed hyoid bone = depresses jaw Fixed jaw = elevates hyoid bone

Question 27

Posterior belly of digastric

Answer 27

Facial (7) | Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

Question 27

Stylohyoid

Answer 27

Facial (7) | Elevates and retracts hyoid bone, positions it more anteriorly

Question 29

Cricopharyngeus

Answer 29

Vagus (10) Closing muscle of the upper classes esophageal sphincter (relaxes to let bolus through) Elevates the larynx, thyroid cartilage up to hyoid bone

Question 30

Thyroarytenoid

Answer 30

Vagus (10) | Shortens and thickens vocal folds, closes vocal folds for swallowing

Question 31

Transverse arytenoid

Answer 31

Vagus (10) | Adducts VF as a protective airway mechanism

Question 32

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Answer 32

Vagus (10) | Adducts VF as a protective airway mechanism

Question 33

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Answer 33

Vagus (10) | Abducts VF before and after swallows

Question 34

Thyroepiglottic

Answer 34

Vagus (10) | Helps invert the epiglottis

Question 35

Sternohyoid

Answer 35

C1-3 Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior Contributes to UES opening Depresses larynx during respiration

Question 36

Sternothyroid

Answer 36

C1-3 Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior Contributes to UES opening Depresses larynx during respiration

Question 36

Omohyoid

Answer 36

C1-3 Pulls hyolaryngeal complex inferior and anterior Contributes to UES opening Depresses larynx during respiration

Question 37

Thyrohyoid

Answer 37

Hypoglossal (12) | Elevates thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone (depresses), elevates the larynx