EIP 2 Unit 1: Principles of Evidence Informed Practice for PT Flashcards
(19 cards)
With the emphasis on Evidence, what are some clinical factors?
- Unwarranted practice variation
- Exposure of medical errors
- Harm resulting from previously accepted therapies
- Expectations that providers demonstrate continued compenence over time
With Emphasis on Evidence, what are some Health Care System Factors?
- Increased health care cost
- Payment policies based on evidence
- Evolution of information technologies
- Development of consumer driven health care
With the Emphasis on Evidence, what are errors in Reasoning?
- Ascertainment bias
- Confirmation bias
- Recency effect
- Representativness exclusivity
- Value bias
What are the 4 desirable characteristics of research during a search for evidence?
What are the Advantages and Limitations of Hierarchies of Evidence?
Advantages
- Quick understanding of bias
- Facilitates efficiency
Limitations
- Variability in reliability and validity testing
- Variability in quaility rating systems
Which type of research has the most bias?
Case Reports
Which type of research has the least bias?
Experimental Design
With Research, what is Experimental Design?
This design which is also referred to as Randomized Control Trial (RCT), is a design best suited to answer questions about whether an experimental intervention has an effect (beneficial or harmful)
- It contains two or more groups
With Research, what is Single System Design?
This is a variant of experimental design. The difference is that only one group is involved which receives, on an alternating basis, both the experimental and controlled conditions
With Research, what is Quasi-Experimental Design?
Similar to experimental design however, they may not randomize subjects to groups or may have only one subject group to evaluate
With Research, what is Non-Experimental Design?
Aka Physiological Studies
- They are lower than quasi-experimental, not becuase of their potential for bias, but because they do not focus on person-level function
With Research, what are Case Studies?
Case reports simply describe what occurred with a patient. It lacks systemic approach for controlling bias
With Research, what are Narrative Reviews?
Similar to Case Studies, it lacks systemic approach for controlling bias. It summarizes prior research
What are the Components of a PICO Question?
P: Problem or population
I: Intervention
C: Comparison or control
O: Outcome
What are Cohor Studies?
Observational type studies that follow a group of people (a cohort) over time to observe and document how certain factors (usually risk factors and exposure to certain things) affect their health outcomes. This is therefore, a prospective investigation.
What are Case Control Studies?
Observational studies. These studies compare two groups of people: a group with a particular condition or disease and another group which is similar to the first group (age, gender, socioeconomic status, life style,…) but does not have that particular disease. The researchers study these groups retrospectively to find what factors in the past could have been involved in the current disease.
What are Cross Sectional Studies?
Observational studies in which the researchers analyze data of the sample of interest at a specific point of time. It is therefore, an snapshot of events. Therefore, these studies are useful for describing the characteristics of a population.
What are Anecdotal Studies?
Anecdotal evidence which is mainly based on personal experience and observations rather than scientific data.
Using the pic, list in order from strongest to weakest the Hierarchy of Evidence.
