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Flashcards in EKG Concepts Deck (13)
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1
Q

Morphology:

  • P wave height/ length?
  • PR segment depression?
  • PRI length? >.2? Causes? (4)
  • QRS .0.9-.12? (3)
  • STE Causes? (5)
  • STD: Upsloping? Horizontal? Downsloping?
  • Wellins Warning?
  • TP Segment serves as?
A

-

2
Q

Axis/ Territories:

  • 1, 2, 3, AVL, AVR, AVF?
  • RAD? Block? LAD? Block?
  • Inferior?
  • High Lateral?
  • Anteroseptal?
  • Apex?
  • Lateral?
  • Posterior?
A
  • 0, 60, 120, -30, -150, 90
  • > 120; LPFB; >-30 LAFB
  • 2,3,AVF
  • 1,AVL
  • V1/V2
  • V3/V4
  • V5/V6
  • STD in V1/V2, upright T and big R
3
Q

MI:

  • Non path Q waves?
  • Old Posterior?
  • Diffuse Q waves?
  • Q in V1/V2/V3?
A
  • Isolated 3, V1
  • R in V1/V2, Iso ST and upright T
  • Consider HOCM
  • Cannot be a posterior MI
4
Q

Blocks:

  • Causes? (3)
  • LAD? + IMI? RAD?
  • Incomplete RBBB anatomy?
  • RBBB morphology? Expect 2ndary STT change?
  • LBBB: Q’s 1,AVL?
  • Gusto criteria?
  • Chronic MI criteria?
A
  • Ischemia, infiltration, idiopathic
  • LAFB, poo poo; LPFB
  • Secundum ASD
  • Fat S in 1, V6; V1-V4
  • Old anteroseptal
  • Concordant 1mm STE in QRS; STD 1mm V1-V3; STE > 5mm with concordant QRS
  • 1,AVL; Cabrera V2-V4, Chapman anywhere
5
Q

Hypertrophy:

  • RAE? (2)
  • LAE? (2)
  • RVH? (5)
  • LVH? (5)
A
  • V1 1 box above; 2 > 3mm
  • V1 1 box under; 2 > 120 ms
  • RAE/RAD; AVR > 5mm; R V1 > 8mm; R/S V1 > 1 or V6 20 in limb; R/S > 25 in V1-V6; ST strain; wide QRS; LAE; LAD
6
Q
Electrolytes:
1.) Calcium: Hypo: Causes? (2) Findings? (2)
Hyper: Findings? (2)
2.) Potassium: Hypo? (4)
Hyper?(4)
- Risk of arrhythmias?
A
  1. ) Renal insuff.,pancreatitis; prolonged ST/QTC
    - Short ST/ Wide T
  2. ) STD, Shallow T, Incr. QTc; U wave (camel hump)
    - Peaked T, flat P, wide QRS, Incr. PRI
    - With Hypos
7
Q

Misc:

  • PE Findings? (3)
  • Dagger T’s?
  • Lowers QTc?
  • Epsilon J wave?
  • Taku Tsabu due to?
  • Poor R wave progression? (8)
  • Low Voltage? (6)
  • Tall R in V1? (7)
  • Swtiched limb leads?
A
  • Sinus tachy, TWI in precordium, S1, Q3, T3
  • Apical hypertrophy
  • BB/Digoxin
  • Hypothermia
  • Catecholamines
  • Anterior MI, Myocarditits, LVH, LBBB, COPD, Left pneumothorax, infiltration, tumor
  • Obesity, HF, COPD, Amyloid, Pericardial effusion, hypothyroid
  • Posterior MI, RBBB, RVH, WPW, HOCM, NL Variant, DMD
  • Down in 1, Up in AVF
8
Q

AV Dissoc.:

  • What is it? Same as block? P waves vs QRS?
    1. ) Default: Due to? Narrow? Wide?
    2. ) Usurption: Due to? Increase HR? Decrease?
    3. ) AV Block: AV node?
A
  • Atria and ventricles off set; no; less p’s usually
    1. ) Lazy SA and escape beats come on; jxnal; ventricle
    2. ) NML sinus node but another site takes over; conducts nml; AV dissoc.
    3. ) Faulty AV node
9
Q

AV Block:
- P’s vs QRS?
1.) Due to?
2.) Type A: Due to? Morph? Look for? Shortest PR when? P to P? Often due to? 2:1?
Type B: Due to? Usually with? 2:1?
3.) 2 conditions? Escapes at? QRS ever early?

A
  • More P’s
    1.) Delay of sinus impulse
    2.) A: Depressed nodal conduction; longer PRI’s; grouping; after dropped beat; constant; drugs; Long PRI with wide QRS
    B: INFRAnodal conduction issue; BBB; Short PRI, wide QRS
    3.) Complete block and opportunity to conduct;
10
Q

Atrial/ Jxnal Rhythm:

  1. ) APC: Occur when? 3 options?
  2. ) SA exit block: Due to? Dropped P picks up when? Due to? Grouped?
  3. ) Sick Sinus Rhythm?
  4. ) Jxnal Rhythm: Paced by? (2) Retro P’s found where? (3)
A
  1. ) Refractory conduction system; tranmits, refractory bloc; Aberrant RBBB
  2. ) Stimulus doesn’t escape SA; when marched; SSS; yes
  3. ) Tachy-Brady
  4. ) Perinodal/His Bundle; upside down P, burried in QRS, upside down T wave
11
Q

SVT: Rate/ rhythm?

  • Regular?
  • Irregular?
    1. ) MAT: Regular? due to? Def? Worse with? Assoc? (3)
    2. ) A-fib: Regular? Rate? Assoc w/? Tx?
    3. ) A Flutter: Loop? Rate? Adenosine break? Bix’s Rule? Locked in rate?
A
  • Tachy and narrow
  • A Tachy, A Flutter, AVNRT, AVRT
  • A fib, MAT
    1. ) Irregular; multifocal; >/= 3 P waves; catecholamines; CAD, CHF, COPD
    2. ) Irreg; higher than A Flutter; OSA; Amiodirone
    3. ) Regular loop does not include AV; 250-340; no; P b/n 2 complexes, think 2:1; yes
12
Q

SVT 2:

  1. ) Ectopic A-Tachy: Due to? Can be additive to?
  2. ) AVNRT: Type of reentry? Involves AV? Accessory pathway? Morph? (2) Often started by?
  3. ) Type of reentry? uses conduction system? Rate vs AVNRT? WPW tx? Irreg. wide A-fib? Wellins Sign?
A
  1. ) Ectopic atrial foci; to P wave
  2. ) Micro; yes; no; pseudo S and STE in AVR; APC
  3. ) Macro; yes; faster; Procainimide; WPW; alternans in precordial leads
13
Q

Ventricular Arrhythmias:

  1. ) PVC: Due to? Coupled to? SA/Atria? Bundiloid =? Rule of Bigeminy?
  2. ) VT: Rules? (7)
A
  • Reentry; previous nml beat; don’t see it; opposite ventricle; slow rate = longer repol and more PVC
  • AV dissoc/fusion; very wide; regular; concordance; different morph from BBB; No RS; QS > 100 ms