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Quarter 4 > ekg exam 1 > Flashcards

ekg exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tall P waves

A

RAE- right atrial enlargement

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2
Q

With sinus tachy, we will still have

A

P waves

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3
Q

Sinus rhythm with one single PVC (premature ventricular complex)

A

everything is normal besides the PVC has a wide QRS complex and stands out

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4
Q

Sinus dysrhythmia

A

P wave, PRI, QRS are all normal

The rate just increases and decreases, with breathing

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5
Q

NSR with single PAC (premature atrial complex)

A

all measures are normal, there is just one early beat (with a normal QRS complex still)

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6
Q

What is the difference b/w PVC and PAC?

A

PVC will have a wide QRS complex

PAC will have a normal QRS complex

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7
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

P waves are buried!

It’s the T waves that we see
QRS normal

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8
Q

If P waves are inverted or absent, be thinking about

A

Junctional rhythms

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9
Q

4 types of Junctional rhythms

A

PJC (premature junctional complex)
Junctional escape rhythm (40-60 bpm)
Accelerated junctional rhythm (60-100 bpm)
Junctional tachycardia (100-180 bpm)

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10
Q

PJC (premature junctional complex)

A

P waves and other measures are normal in the majority of the strip, but before the PJC the P wave is absent or inverted

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11
Q

P wave inverted (or absent)
rate 40-60 bpm

QRS is normal looking

A

Junctional escape rhythm

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12
Q

P wave inverted (or absent)
rate 60-100

QRS is normal looking

A

Accelerated junctional rhythm

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13
Q

P wave absent
rate 100-180 bpm

QRS is normal, looks like T waves are smooshed up against the back of the QRS

A

Junctional tachycardia

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14
Q

Whats the difference between Junctional dysrhythms and Ventricular?

A

Junctional: QRS are normal
Ventricular: QRS are wide and bizarre

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15
Q

3 types of Junctional

A

Junctional escape rhythm 40-60
Accelerated junctional 60-100
Junctional tachycardia 100-180

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16
Q

3 types of Ventricular

A

Idioventricular rhythm 20-40
Accelerated idioventricular 40-100
Ventricular tachycardia 100-250

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17
Q

1st degree AV block (not a true block)

A

Just a long PRI

everything else is normal

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18
Q

“patterned irregularity” AV block

PRI gets progressively longer and longer until a QRS is dropped

A

2nd degree: type I

“Mobitz I” or “Wenckebach”

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19
Q

More P waves than QRS
PRI is long and constant for each conducted beat

Intermittently, a P wave is not followed by QRS

A

2nd degree: type II

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20
Q

“Complete heart block”

A

3rd degree

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21
Q

Atrial and ventricular rhythms are regular but not related to each other

P waves “march right through QRS complex”

A

3rd degree AV block

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22
Q

look at leads V1-V2 and V5-V6 to assess

A

Ventricular enlargement

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23
Q

look at leads II and V1 to assess

A

P waves

looking for Atrial enlargement

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24
Q

look at leads I and avF to assess

A

QRS for Mean axis

lead I: left hand
lead avF: right hand

25
Q

P wave is tall in lead II

and tall upright QRS wave in V1

A

RAE

“P pulmonale”

26
Q

P wave is wide or notched in lead II

and exaggerated negative QRS wave in V1

A

LAE

“P mitrale”

27
Q

Atria tend to

A

dilate

28
Q

Ventricles tend to

A

hypertrophy

29
Q

One big box

A

200 ms

30
Q

Normal P wave

A

60-100 ms

up to HALF of a big box

31
Q

leads II and V1

A

P waves

32
Q

1st part of P wave is big in V1

A

RAE

33
Q

2nd part of P wave is big in V1

A

LAE

34
Q

leads I and avF

A

Mean axis

35
Q

left thumbs up correlates with ____ when determining Mean axis

A

Lead I

36
Q

right thumbs up correlates with ___ when determining Mean axis

A

Lead avF

37
Q

What often co-occurs with Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, RVH?

A

RAD, Right axis deviation

So, after looking at V1, and V6, look at leads I and avF to see if the Mean axis shows RAD

38
Q

Which is the more common Ventricular hypertrophy?

A

LVH!

39
Q

LVH criteria, where to look?

A

V1-V2 and V5-V6
AND
R wave in avL

40
Q

LVH criteria

A

Deepest wave in V1-V2 + tallest in V5=V6 >35

R in avL >11 (meaning super DEEP)

41
Q

What to notice in LVH

A

avL has DEEP wave

Super DEEP waves in V1-V2

Super TALL waves in V5-V6

42
Q

RVH criteria

A

RAD presence
V1: R > S wave (first tall part
> last deep part)
V6: S > R wave

R wave is like going “down the stairs” from V1-V4

43
Q

Sinus arrest

A

THREE or more beats dropped

44
Q

Sinus PAUSE

A

not as intense

1-2 beats dropped

45
Q

Wandering atrial pacemaker

A

Pacemaker site shifts from SA, atria, and AV jx

P waves change in appearance (3 or more)

RATE is usually normal

46
Q

PAC premature atrial complex

A

Most P waves are normal other than the one preceding the PAC, this one has a different morphology

47
Q

PAC are followed by

A

Non-compensatory pause

48
Q

Sinus tachy

A

100-160 bpm

P waves are normal and easily seen

49
Q

Atrial tachy

A

150-250 bpm

much faster than Sinus tachy

50
Q

Are P waves easier seen in Sinus tachy or Atrial tachy?

A

Sinus tachy bc this beat is slower (100-150)

In Atrial tachy, the beat is so fast (150-250) that P waves can be upright, inverted, or HIDDEN

51
Q

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

A

120-150 and CHANGING P WAVE morphology

May be confused w A-fib

52
Q

Rate 120-150 with changing P wave morphology

A

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

53
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

Lots of flutter waves in between QRS complexes

54
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Atrial rate is 250-350

Ventricular rate can still be normal

55
Q

Saw tooth appearance

A

Atrial FLUTTER

56
Q

Main characteristic of Supraventricular Tachycardia

A

P waves CANNOT be seen

(dont know if its coming from atria or junctional, we just know its above the ventricles)

Rate example: 180

57
Q

A-Fib,

Atrial rate is SO FAST

A

> 350

tons of crazy looking chaotic energy between QRS complexes

58
Q

Baseline fibrillatory waves (f waves)

A

A-Fib

59
Q

Flutter waves (capitol F)

A

A-Flutter

Quarter 4 (10 decks)

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