ELA non-fiction terms

Question 1

Mode of development

Answer 1

Method used to develop the main idea.

Question 2

Mode of development purpose

Answer 2

To provide the reader with specific info needed to support/clarify the main idea.

Question 3

Narration

Answer 3

The recounting of events of a situation/incident.

Question 4

Types of narration

Answer 4

Chronological order (time), Flashback style (time)

Question 5

Description

Answer 5

Details about something.

Question 6

Types of description

Answer 6

Order of importance (least to more important details), Spatial order (how things are arrange)

Question 7

Examples

Answer 7

Use of specific examples to support main idea.

Question 8

Classification and Division

Answer 8

Taking a group and organizing it into categories. Ex: Dividing a car into parts: “motor, tires, brakes

Question 9

Comparison and Contrast

Answer 9

Show how items are alike an different

Question 10

Process

Answer 10

Method of doing a task/job in orderly steps. Ex: tutorials, recipes

Question 11

Cause and effect

Answer 11

Why something turns out the way it does

Question 12

Initiator of an effect

Answer 12

Catalyst

Question 13

Definition

Answer 13

Provides an explanation of a word/concept, usually uses another mode of development to enhance the description

Question 14

Persuasion

Answer 14

Convincing the reader that you are right about a topic.

Question 15

How is persuasion affective?

Answer 15

Is subjective and appeals to the emotions through connotations of words.

Question 16

Argumentation

Answer 16

Based on pure logic, is objective. Based on a CONTROVERSIAL idea.

Question 17

Elements of argumentation:

Answer 17

Problem, solution, evidence, refutation, conclusion

Question 18

What is refutation?

Answer 18

The writer mentions opposing point of view and counters it.

Question 19

Anecdote

Answer 19

A brief story of an incident to support the purpose.

Question 20

Aristotle’s Three Appeals

Answer 20

A process of codifying the possible ways that speakers or writers could persuade their audiences by the use of evidence.

Question 21

Logos

Answer 21

Rational appeal, uses logic, facts, and statistics to persuade reader.

Question 22

Ethos

Answer 22

Ethical appeal, uses writer’s reputation or authority to persuade reader they are right.

Question 23

Pathos

Answer 23

Emotional appeal, persuasive language based on the emotions.

Question 24

Audience

Answer 24

The group for whom the piece of writing is written for

Question 25

Allusion

Answer 25

A short, informal reference to a famous person or event. Ex: history, story, movement

Question 26

Ambiguity

Answer 26

Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation. Usually caused by words with multiple meanings or weird wording.

Question 27

What is this quote an example of? "I rode a black horse in red pajamas"

Answer 27

Ambiguity

Question 28

Analogy

Answer 28

Compares two things for the purpose of explaining or clarifying. Practical and more extended

Question 29

Simile

Answer 29

A more artistic likening done briefly for effect and emphasis

Question 30

Difference between analogy and simile?

Answer 30

Similes are more present in fiction while analogies are more practical and explain something with something that's similar to it.

Question 31

Anaphora

Answer 31

The repetition of the same word/words at the beginning of sentences.

Question 32

"We shall not flag or fail. We shall fight in France. We shall fight on the seas and oceans. We shall fight with growing confidence."

Answer 32

Example of anaphora

Question 33

Antithesis

Answer 33

A concept used to establish a clear, contrasting relationship between two ideas by joining them together/juxtaposing them.

Question 34

Apostrophe

Answer 34

A device that interrupts the discussion and addresses directly a person/personified thing.

Question 35

Apostrophe purpose

Answer 35

To give vent to or display intense emotion.

Question 36

"For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel." "Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him."

Answer 36

Apostrophe example

Question 37

Connotative language

Answer 37

Language that is emotionally charged to evoke emotions in the reader

Question 38

Dialogue

Answer 38

Conversation between two persons.

Question 39

Diction

Answer 39

The choice and use of words in speech or writing

Question 40

Types of diction

Answer 40

Formal, informal, colloquial (geographic), and slang.

Question 41

Euphemism

Answer 41

The act of substituting a mild term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive

Question 42

"Her clothes were very inexpensive!" to: "Her clothes were cheap."

Answer 42

Example of euphemism

Question 43

Hyperbole

Answer 43

Exaggerates conditions for emphasis or effect.

Question 44

Types of main idea

Answer 44

Implied main idea: not stated outright but suggested Stated main idea: Stated in a thesis statement

Question 45

Medium

Answer 45

Sources of literature

Question 46

Biographies, journals, documentaries, newspaper articles

Answer 46

Examples of mediums

Question 47

Extended metaphor (Conceit)

Answer 47

Establishes a principal subject of comparison and the subsidiary subject (comparisons).

Question 48

"You're a snake! Everything you hiss out of your mouth is a lie."

Answer 48

Example of extended metaphor

Question 49

Occassion

Answer 49

The circumstances surrounding the writing, reasons for writing the work.

Question 50

Onomatopoeia

Answer 50

Words that imitate the subject talked about. "Buzzzz"

Question 51

Oxymoron

Answer 51

Two words in a phrase that contradict each other but still make sense. Ex: "pretty ugly"

Question 52

Paradox

Answer 52

A seemingly contradictory statement that also has truth to it.

Question 53

"Don't go near the water until you learn how to swim."

Answer 53

Example of paradox

Question 54

Objective perspective

Answer 54

Simply facts.

Question 55

Subjective perspective

Answer 55

Opinion-based.

Question 56

Parallelism

Answer 56

One word repeated

Question 57

"No pain no gain"

Answer 57

Example of parallelism

Question 58

Rhetorical question

Answer 58

Question not meant to be answered but supposed to be obvious as a result of argumentation

Question 59

Rhetorical triangle

Answer 59

When one elements changes, the others do too. Ex: Change of audience= Change of subject= Change of purpose= Change of tone.

Question 60

Syntax

Answer 60

The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences

Question 61

Understatement

Answer 61

To express an idea as less important than it actually is. Either for ironic emphasis or for politeness and tact.

Question 62

"The 1906 San Francisco earthquake interrupted business somewhat in the downtown area."

Answer 62

Example of understatement

Question 63

Malapropism

Answer 63

The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect

Question 64

"Dance a flamingo" instead of "Dance a flamenco"

Answer 64

Example of malapropism

Question 65

Asyndeton

Answer 65

Involved omitting conjunctions to change the tone

Question 66

Conjunctions

Answer 66

For, and, nor, because, or, yet, so

Question 67

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Answer 67

Example of asyndeton

Question 68

Syndeton

Answer 68

Uses conjunctions to join words, phrases, causes reader to slow down

Question 69

Polysyndeton

Answer 69

Uses multiple conjunctions (unnatural sounding)

Question 70

We packed sandwiches and apples and raisins and cupcakes and chips

Answer 70

Example of polysyndeton