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AMH > elderly test 1 > Flashcards

elderly test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 classifications of theories about odler adult hood and what they mean

A

1) biological: looking at length of life ans viability of organs
2) psychological: behavioural capacities like learning, perception, memory
3) sociological: life satisfcation, adjustment to role changes

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2
Q

3 physical changes that occur

A

1) dendritic loss
2) bone density loss
3) muscle loss

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3
Q

5 sensory changes

A

1) sight
2) smell
3) taste
4) hearing
5) tactile

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4
Q

what happens to sleep patterns

A

they become shorter

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5
Q

why is sleep important

A

essential for restorative processes like tissue regeneration and immune enhancement

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6
Q

define explicit memory

A

deliberate, like studying for a test and deliberately remembering info

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7
Q

define implicit memory

A

unconscious, like remembering your time tables

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8
Q

define semantic memory

A

general knowledge like word meanings

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9
Q

define episodic memory

A

tied to particular events

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10
Q

define autobiographical memory

A

“kodak moments” relate to significant events

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11
Q

define the wear and tear theory

A

introduced by dr august weismann, cells eventually officially die off after years of wear and tear

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12
Q

define programmed senescence

A

after a particular role of cell is complete, it dies

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13
Q

define cross linking theory

A

accumulation of cross-linking proteins damages cells, slowing down bodily processes, results in aging

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14
Q

3 examples of collagen cross linking

A

wrinkling of skin, hardening of arteries, tightening of tendons

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15
Q

define brain plasticity

A

the brains ability to change with learning

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16
Q

4 factors that complicate diagnosis for older adults

A

1) age related changes
2) chronic medical conditions
3) use of multiple meds
4) cognitive impairment

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17
Q

3 key considerations when determining what meds are appropriate

A

1) a thorough assessment
2) med history
3) nurses knowledge of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
4) review of current meds
5) dosage
6) individ. treatment plan to educate

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18
Q

define pharmacokinetics

A

movement of drug through the body
- absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

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19
Q

define pharmacodynamics

A

effects the drug has on the body

20
Q

pharmacokinetics: absorption in older adults and result

A
  • delayed gastric emptying
  • reduced intestinal mobility
  • increased pH
    = drugs in body longer
21
Q

pharmacokinetics: distribution in older adults and result

A
  • decreased muscle mass
  • increased fat - prolonged action
  • decreased total body water
    = drugs have more impact - use lower doses
22
Q

pharmacokinetics: metabolism in older adults and result

A
  • decreased liver size
  • decreased hepatic flow
  • decreased enzymes
23
Q

pharmacokinetics: excretion in older adults and result

A
  • decreased renal capacity
    = potential for toxicity = use less drugs and shorter lasting drugs
24
Q

2 pharmacodynamic sensitivities that develop (the type of drugs)

A
  • sedating medications
  • centrally acting medications (that lower blood pressure)
25
Q

6 medications that have anticholinergic properties

A
  • antidepressants
  • cold medication
  • neuroleptic medications
  • GI medications
  • allergy medications
  • insomnia medications
26
Q

6 side effects that anticholinergics cause and therefore should be avoided with elderly to avoid anticholinergic syndrome

A
  • urinary retention
  • constipation
  • tachycardia
  • blurred vision
  • confusion
  • diminished cognitive function
27
Q

4 medications that increase serotonin

A
  • SSRI
  • St. johns wart
  • antibiotics
  • ginseng
28
Q

7 side effects from medications that promote serotonin and therefore should be closely monitored with elderly

A
  • restlessness
  • tremors
  • tachycardia
  • confusion
  • high blood pressure
  • muscular rigidity
  • diarrhea
29
Q

5 strategies for safer med use in elderly population

A

1) avoid / reduce polypharmacy
2) encourage alternative strategies
3) promote that meds arent the only answer to wellness
4) encourage pharmacist as a resource
5) educate client about meds/interactions

30
Q

how many meds or more creates polypharmacy

A

5 or more

31
Q

define BEERS criteria for prescribing meds to elderly (5)

A

1) potentially inappropriate meds
2) potentially inappropriate meds to avoid due to conditions
3) meds to be used with caution
4) med combos that may be harmful
5) list of meds to be avoided/dosed carefully for those with renal impairments

32
Q

2 presentations of psychosis in older adults

A

1) chronic/recurring in people with schizophrenia or other illnesses
2) who develop symptoms with old age

33
Q

define lewybody dementia

A

abnormal protein called alpha-synuclein in brain. causes issues with movement, behaviour, mood, thinking

34
Q

early onset schizo vs late onset vs very late onset time frames

A

EO: before 40 yrs , LO: 40-60 yrs, VLO: over 60 years

35
Q

6 diagnosis that regard psychosis in elderly

A
  • schizophrenia spectrum disorder
  • delusional disorder
  • delirium
  • substance use/abuse
  • polypharmacy
  • charles bonnet syndrome
36
Q

delusional disorder is more common in:

A

middle to old age

37
Q

delirium may have 2 symptoms

A

1) hallucinations
2) paranoid delusions

38
Q

4 assessment focuses for psychosis

A

1) rule out physical/medical triggers (infection, poly, substances)
2) involve family/caregivers
3) is onset sudden
4) obtain thorough history (previous episodes, hospitalizations)

39
Q

does anxiety in older adults present differently than in younger people

A

yes

40
Q

5 triggers for anxiety in older person

A

1) dementia
2) comorbid conditions
3) anxiety disorder
4) drugs and diet
5) response to health, social, environmental, personal stressors late in life

41
Q

9 treatments for later life anxiety

A

1) CBT
2) relaxation therapy
3) supportive training
4) pschoed. strategies
5) alternative strategies
6) pharmacological treatment (short term)
7) SSRI
8) anxiolytics
9) independant interventions

42
Q

is late life depression worse than early onset

A

yes

43
Q

is depression less likely to be fatal in the elderly

A

no, it is more fatal

44
Q

4 etiology for elderly depression

A

1) hormonal changes
2) life events
3) vascular changes
4) physiologic changes in brain

45
Q

screening tools for elderly depression

A

1) PHQ 2: initial screening.
2) PHQ 9: self assessment
3) Cornel scale

46
Q

who is at the most risk for suicide

A

elderly men

47
Q

what is the first and foremost depression treatment for elderly

A

environmental and behavioural strategies

AMH (3 decks)

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