Electrical currents for tissue healing

Question 0

Attraction of cells to an electrical charge is

Answer 0

Galvanotaxis

Question 1

Name 3 benefits of estim for tissue healing:

Answer 1

Decrease edema
Transdermal delivery of meds
Wound care

Question 2

Estim aids in wound healing by

Answer 2

Decreases bacteria
Stimulates healing
Improves circulation

Question 3

The most common waveform used for wound healing is

Answer 3

HVPC - High Volt Pulsed Current

Can not be used on wounds covered in eschar (scab)

Question 4

With the direct method of electrode placement how are electrodes placed

Answer 4

Active electrode in wound and dispersive electrode a few inches away - must be larger than active electrode

Question 5

Rules for periwound electrode placement

Answer 5

2 or more with dispersive being larger than sum of active

Question 6

Polarity - when neg or pos over wound

Answer 6

neg over wound when inflamed or infected

pos over wound when not inflamed or infected

Question 7

Parameters for HVPC for wound care: (Pulse, Freq, Amp, tx time)

Answer 7

Pulse - 40-100 micro seconds
Freq - 60-125 pps
Continuous
Amp - sufficient to produce comfortable sensation wo motor response
Tx time - at least 5 days per week for 45-60 min ea

Question 8

Estim for edema control: polarity, freq, pulse duration, tx time, amplitude

Answer 8

neg
100-120 pps
40-100 microseconds
20-30 min
enough to produce tingling

Question 9

E-stim for edema control is usually; theory is

Answer 9

monophasic

theory is neg charge repels positively charged serum proteins

Question 10

E-stim for Edema Reduction when edema caused by graviity and lack of muscle contraction: polarity does not matter - amp, freq, pulse duration, on-off times, tx time

Answer 10

biphasic
enough amp to cause visible contractions
freq - 35-50 pps
pulse duration - 150-350 microseconds
on:offf 1:1 for 2-5 ea up to 5 on 5 off
tx time: 20-30 min

Question 11

Iontophoresis is monopphasic, polarity matters, use of low amplitude DC with depth of delivery superficial 3-20mm
Dexamethasone is most common drug used and it is

Answer 11

negative so use neg electrode

Question 12

iontophoresis with corticosteroid uses what polarity

Answer 12

corticosteroid is pos so use pos electrode

Question 13

Ionto patches low voltage and low current: .1-.3mA for

Answer 13

1-24hrs

Question 14

ionto patches increases drug retention because less increase in local

Answer 14

circulation

Question 15

Hydrocortisone is an anti-inflammatory with a ___ polarity

Answer 15

positive

Question 16

Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory with a ___polarity and able to peenetrate to

Answer 16

negative

8-10mm

Question 17

Common uses for Dexamethasone

Answer 17

Epicondylitis
Tendinitis
Plantar fasciitis

Question 18

Waveforms for pain control include:

Answer 18

TENS
IFC
Premod

Question 19

Sharp pain transmitted along

Answer 19

A-delta

Question 20

Dull pain transmitted along

Answer 20

C nerve fibers

Question 21

These nerve fibers can inhibit transmission of A-delta and C nerve fibers

Answer 21

A-beta

Question 22

When this activity is increased pain perception is decreased

Answer 22

A-beta activity

Question 23

Half-life of endogenous opiods is

Answer 23

4.5 hrs

Question 24

Most common types of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation)

Answer 24

Conventional Acupuncture-like Burst mode

Question 25

TENS is always

Answer 25

on (no on-off times)

Question 26

This type of TENS is most effective at activating A-beta nerves wo activating motor nerves

Answer 26

Conventional TENS

Question 27

AKA Convential TENS

Answer 27

High rate TENS

Question 28

Conventional TENS has _____ duration with ____ freq

Answer 28

short | high

Question 29

Conventional TENS uses this theory to decrease pain perception

Answer 29

gate control theory

Question 30

Conventional TENS has ____ microsecond duration and ____pps freq

Answer 30

50-80 | 100-150

Question 31

Most common form of TENS used; faster onset of relief than other TENS forms, may be used for 24 hrs, generally only decrease pain while stim is active

Answer 31

Conventional

Question 32

Acupuncture-like is aka

Answer 32

Low rate TENS

Question 33

Acuupuncture-like uses this theory

Answer 33

endorphin release

Question 34

Acupuncture-like does this

Answer 34

repetitive brief stimulation of motor nerves to produce muscle twitches and brief sharp pain which causes release of endogenous opiods

Question 35

Acupuncture-like needs ____ amplitude and ___pulse durations than conventional TENS bc trying to _____motor and A-delta nerve fibers

Answer 35

higher longer depolarize

Question 36

This type of TENS is better than conventional TENS for chronic pain

Answer 36

acupuncture-like

Question 37

Acupuncture-like is better for_____pain than conventional TENS

Answer 37

Chronic

Question 38

Acupuncture-like TENS controls pain for ____ after a ____minutes of tx

Answer 38

4-5hrs | 20-30

Question 39

More than a 45min tx can lead to ____ with acupuncture-like TENS

Answer 39

DOMS

Question 40

Acupuncture uses ___pps freq; ___microsecond duration; ____ amplitude to produce visible muscle contraction: tx time ___ mins; can be used every___hrs

Answer 40

``` 2-10 200-300 enough 20-30 2 ```

Question 41

Burst mode uses ____ theory; usually ____ comfortable than acupuncture-like; Freq____; duration_____; tx time____; can be used every __ hrs; ____ amplitude to produce visible muscle contractions

Answer 41

``` endorphin more 10 or fewer bursts - bursts of 100-150 pps (high burst rate) 100-300 microseconds 20-30 2 enuggh ```

Question 42

Used for rapid onset but short term pain relief before procedures: deep friction massage, joint mob, passive stretch

Answer 42

Brief Intense TENS

Question 43

Brief intense TENS ____amplitude; ____ pulse duration; ____freq; ____wearing time; ___ onset of relieff

Answer 43

``` strong 250-400 microseconds (widest) 110-200pps (Highest) 15 min max 1-2 minutes ```

Question 44

Interferential current (IFC) if currents in same phase ___amp; if currents in dif phase ___amp; ____ freq is diif btwn carrier freeq and the other currents freq

Answer 44

higher lower beat

Question 45

IFC ____ amplitude is delivered deeper and ___ amp is delivered through the skin (more comfortable)

Answer 45

higher | lower

Question 46

IFC is mainly used for

Answer 46

pain relief

Question 47

Able to cover larger area than TENS

Answer 47

IFC

Question 48

IFC used mainly for pain relief at higher freq ____; can be used for muscle stim using ____ beats per second

Answer 48

100-150 | 35-50

Question 49

IFC vector scan changes cloverleaf shape into a _____ shape by

Answer 49

circular | one circuit varying in amplitude

Question 50

This is basically same as IFC except only need two electrodes

Answer 50

Premodulated Current

Question 51

Waveform of ____ looks the same as IFC but doesn't deliver ___amp to skin like IFC; doesn't have as large ____ area as IFC

Answer 51

Premodulated Current lower stimulation

Question 52

This is prohibited in FL

Answer 52

Electroacuppuncture - needles placed in skin then stim

Question 53

MOST appropriate current for treating a pressure ulcer to enhance healing.

Answer 53

Monophasic pulsed current