Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
Functions of Sodium
A
- maintain ECF volume
- nerve impulse transmission
- muscle contraction
- acid-base balance
2
Q
Functions of Potassium
A
- maintains ICF volume
- nerve impulse contractions
- muscle contractions - especially heart
- acid-base balance
- sugar storage - glycogen and glucose in liver and muscles
3
Q
Functions of Magnesium
A
- muclse contration
- nerve impulse transmission
- protein synthesis
- bone structure
- enzyme function
4
Q
Functions of Calcium
A
- bone and tooth formation
- muscle contraction
- nerve impulse transmission
- blood clotting
- enzyme function
5
Q
Causes of hyponatremia
A
- excessive water intake
- heart failure
- renal disease
- some diuretics
- GI loss
- syndrom of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
6
Q
Causes of hypernatremia
A
- dehydration
- excessive sodium intake
- hyperaldosteronism
- diabetes insipidus
7
Q
Hyponatremia manifestations
A
- headache
- nausea and vomiting
- muscle cramps
- lethargy and fatigue
- confusion
- seziures
- coma and death
8
Q
Hypernatremia manifestations
A
- thirst
- dry mucus membranes
- edema
- muscle twitching
- restlessness
- irritability
- confusion
- seizures
9
Q
Causes of hypokalemia
A
- some diuretics
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- malnutrtion
- alkalosis
- insulin therapy
- excessice use of laxatives
10
Q
Causes of hyperkalemia
A
- renal failure
- some diuretics
- acidosis
- severe tissue trauma - burns and crush injuries
- massive blood transfusions
11
Q
Hypokalemia manifestations
A
- muscle weakness
- cramps
- fatigue
- arrhythmias
- decreased peristalsis - nausea and constipation
- shallow respirations
12
Q
Hyperkalemia Manifestions
A
- muclse weakness
- paralysis
- arrhythmias
- nausea
13
Q
Causes of hypocalcemia
A
- hypoparathyroidism
- vit d deficiency
- chronic kidney disease
- pancreatitis
- malnutriton/malabsorption
14
Q
Causes of hypercalcemia
A
- hyperparathyroidism
- malignancy
- prolonged immobiliations
- excessive calcium/vit d intake
- excessive use of some antacids or laxatives
15
Q
Hypocalcemia manifestations
A
- muscle cramps
- tetany
- hyperreflexia
- seizures
- chvostek’s and trousseau’s
- paresthesia
- dysrhythmias/palpitations
16
Q
Hypercalcemia manifestations
A
- muscle weakness = flaccid
- hyporeflexia
- lethargy
- confusion
- constipation
- kidney stones
- dysrhythmias
- osteoporosis
17
Q
Causes of hypomagnesemia
A
- malnutriton
- alcholoism
- prolonged diarrhea
- some diuretics
18
Q
Causes of hypermagnesemia
A
- renal failure
- excessive use of some antacids or laxatives
19
Q
Hypomagnesemia manifestations
A
- muscle cramps
- tremors
- seizures
- hyperreflexia
- dysrhythmias
- mood changes
20
Q
Manifestations of hypermagnesemia
A
- muscle weakness
- lethargy
- hypotension
- dysrhythmias
- respiratory depression
- hyporeflexia
