ELECTROLYTES Flashcards
(32 cards)
most abundant cation in ECF
sodium
intake of water in response to thirst (polydipsia) is stimulated and suppressed by
plasma osmolality
excretion of water is affected by
ADH
blood volume status affects sodium excretion through
aldosterone, angiotensin II and ANP
60-75% of filtered Na is absorbed in
PCT
some Na is also reabsorbed in
loop of Henle and DCT
Na is exchanged for K in the
connecting segment and cortical collecting tubule
hyponatremia range
<135 mmol/L
hyponatremia critical value
<120 mmol/L
most common electrolyte disorder
hyponatremia
URINE Na >20mmol/L
ongoing renal loss sodium and water
100mg/dL increase of blood glucose
1.6 mmol/L decrease of sodium
function of aldosterone
increased water and sodium reabsorption in DCT and collecting duct
aldosterone can be found in
zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
symptoms of hyponatremia
primary gastrointestinal symptoms (125-135 mmol/L) neuropsychiatric (125) acute hyponatremia (<120 mmol/L for 48 hours or less) severe symptoms (seizures, coma, respiratory depression)
treatment for hyponatremia: correcting too rapidly
cerebral myelinolysis
treatment for hyponatremia: correcting too slowly
cerebral edema
gross lack of coordination of muscle movements
ataxia
chronic hypernatremia in an alert is indicative of
hypothalamic disease
symptoms of hypernatremia most commonly involve the
CNS
rapid correction in hypernatremia can induce
cerebral edema and death
determinant of potassium urine excretion
distal nephron
mercuric thiocyanate/whiteborn titration
reddish complex
ferric perchlorate
colored complex
