PROTEINS Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
an acute phase reactant
A
AAT
2
Q
AAT neutralizes
A
trypsin-like enzymes (neutrophil elastase)
3
Q
major inhibitor of protease activity
A
AAT
4
Q
comprises 90% of A1 globulin band
A
AAT
5
Q
AAT is increased in
A
inflammation, pregnancy, contraceptive use
6
Q
AAT is deficient in
A
emphysematous pulmonary disease and juvenile hepatic cirrhosis
7
Q
AFP migrates bw
A
albumin and alpha 1 globulin band
8
Q
AFP is synthesized initially in
A
fetal yolk sac
9
Q
AFP is synthesized by _________ after fetal yolk sac
A
fetal parenchymal cells in the liver
10
Q
most abundant protein in fetal serum
A
AFP
11
Q
AFP peaks in
A
13 weeks of gestation
12
Q
increased in the presence of twins (transmitted across placenta)
A
AFP
13
Q
specimen for AFP
A
maternal serum, amniotic fluid, serum for cancer screening
14
Q
AFP methods
A
immunochemical test, RIA, and EIA
15
Q
Maternal fetal screening for NTD and DS is done bw
A
15 and 20 weeks of gestation
16
Q
also used as a tumor marker (hepatic and gonodal cancer)
A
AFP
17
Q
elevated AFP levels post natal occur only with
A
cancer (abnormal cell multiplication)
18
Q
AFP is decreased in
A
Down Syndrome and trisomy 18
19
Q
AAG is aka
A
orosomucoid
20
Q
contains high % of CHO and sialic acid
A
AAG
21
Q
AAG is neg charg with what PI
A
low PI (2.7)
22
Q
has the greatest affinity for progesterone
A
AAG
23
Q
binds to quinidine (cardioactice drug)
A
AAG
24
Q
diagnostic tool in neonates with bacterial infections
A
AAG
25
AA sequence is similar with immunoglobulin
AAG
26
increased in RA, pneumonia, cancer pregnancy, cell proliferation
AAG
27
AAG is increased in
RA, pneumonia, cancer pregnancy, cell proliferation
28
acute phase reactants
AAT, AAG, a-x, haptoglobin, CRP
29
swine proteinase with cathepsin G
a-x
30
a-x is synthesized in the
liver
31
a-x migrates between
a-1 and a-2
32
binds and inactivates PSA
a-x
33
major form of PSA in human sera
a-x
34
associated with alzheimer's dx
a-x
35
a-x is reponsible for __________ deposits
amyloid
36
a-x is increased in
Alzheimer's, AMI, infxn, malignancy, burn
37
a-x is decreased in
liver disease
38
binds heme (strongest affinity)
hemopexin
39
helps in diagnosis of hemolysis
hemopexin
40
hemopexin migrates in the _______ during electrophoresis
beta region
41
affinity with vit D and actin
Gc globulin
42
vitamin D binding protein
actin
43
Gc globulin migrated in _________
a1 and a2 interzone
44
method used in Gc globulin
radial immunodiffusion
45
Gc globulin is decreased in
severe liver disease
46
haptoglobin is synthesized in
hepatocytes
47
binds free hemoglobin by its ALPHA chain
haptoglobin
48
has two heavy chains and two light chains linked by disulfide bonds
haptoglobin
49
prevents the loss of hemoglobin and its constituents iron into urine
haptoglobin
50
useful measurement for serially monitoring patients with who have slow but steady rate of rbc breakdown
haptoglobin
51
useful measurement for serially monitoring patients with who have slow but steady rate of rbc breakdown
haptoglobin
52
haptoglobin help in assessing
- mechanical heart valves
- hemoglobinopathies
- excercise—associated trauma
- intravascular hemolysis (HDN and HTR)
- blood transfusion
- rheumatic diseade
53
haptoglobin is increased in
stressful conditions, myoglobinuria
54
haptoglobin is decreased in
hemoglobinuria and intravascular hemolysis
55
haptoglobin method
radiological immunoassay and immunonephelometry
56
copper binding a glycprotein that has enzyme activities
ceruloplasmin
57
ceruloplasmin imparts what to protein
blue color
58
marker for Wilson's dx
ceruloplasmin
59
deposition of copper in cornea
Kayser-Fleisher rings
60
deposition of copper in skin, liver, brain, cornea
Wilson's dx
61
ceruloplasmin method
copper oxidase activity
62
ceruloplasmin is decreased in
Wilsons dx, malnutrition, malabsorption, nephritic dx, Menke's kinky hair syndrome
63
ceruloplasmin is increased in
inflammation, cancer, pregnancy
64
Menke's kinky hair syndrome
decreased ceruloplasmin
65
largest major non-immunoglobulin protein
AMG
66
AMG is found primarily in _____________ and lower amounts in ________________
intravascular space; CSF
67
inhibits protease (trypsin, pepsin, plasmin)
AMG
68
increases 10x in nephrosis
AMG
69
forms complex with PSA
AMG
70
AMG is increased in
nephrotic syndrome, diabetes and liver disease
71
AMG method
radial immunodiffusion
immunonephelometry
ELISA
latex agglutination
72
light chain component of the major HLA
beta 2 microglobulin
73
beta 2 microglobulin is found in high conc on
lymphocytes
74
b2 microglobulin is found on the
surface of most cells
75
needed in the production of CD8 cells
b2 microglobulin
76
freely filtered at the glomerulus -> reabsorbed and metabolized completely by the proximal tubule
b2 microglobulin
77
b2 microglobulin is increased in
renal failure, MM, RA, SLE, HIV
78
tendency to fold into a B sheet configuration —> amyloid formation (common cause of dialysis associated amyloidosis)
b2 microglobulin
79
b2 microglobulin method
immunoassay
80
transferrin aka
siderophilin
81
major component of b2 globulin fraction
transferrin
82
negative acute phase reactants
transferrin, prealbumin and albumin
83
transferrin is found in ________ in small amouns
CSF
84
transports iron to its storage sites
transferrin
85
prevents loss of iron through kidneys
transferrin
86
determine the cause of anemia, measure iron metabolism, and iron-carrying capacity of the blood
transferrin
87
transferrin is __________ in IDA
normal or increased
88
elevated plasma level appears as
paraprotein
89
elevated plasma level appears as
paraprotein
90
___________ in severe IDA
pseudoparaproteinemia
91
low plasma transferrin can lead to
anemia
92
transferrin is increased in IDA
hemochromatosis (bronze skin) and IDA
93
dialysis associated amyloidosis
b2 microglobulin
94
transferrin is decreased in
liver dx, malnutrition, nephritic syndrome
95
transferrin method
immunodiffusion, immunonephelometry
96
synthesized in plasma cells
immunoglobulins
97
humoral immunity
immunoglobulins
98
immunoglobulins is composed of
82-96% proteins
| 4-18% carbohydrate
99
most abundant Ab found in plasma and lymph
IgG
100
Ab in mucous secretions
IgA
101
Ab in antigenic stimulations
IgM
102
Ab preseny mostly in surface of B cells
IgD
103
Ab associated with allergic and anaphylactic rxns
IgE
104
Immunoglobulins is increased in
hepatic dx, infxn, toxoplasmosis, CMV, rubella, herpes, syphillis, allergic rxns, MM
105
Immunoglobulins method
radial immunodiffusion, nephelometry, turbidimetry, immunoassay
106
binds with protein and lipids
lipoprotein
107
transports cholesterol, TAG, phospholipid
lipoprotein
108
Lipoprotein binds with protein and lipids forming
LDL, HDL, VLDL, chylomicrons
109
increased Gc most commonly occurd in
3rd trimester of pregnancy
| px taking contraceptives
110
increased Gc most commonly occurd in
3rd trimester of pregnancy
| px taking contraceptives
111
hemolytic anemia parameters
decreased haptoglobin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, wbc
| increased retic count
112
one of the largest protein and is classified as high carbohydrate content
fibrinogen
113
most abundant coagulation factor
fibrinogen
114
fibrinogen activated into fibrin clot by
thrombin
115
fibirnogen appears in
beta and gamma globulin
116
another acute phase reactant; increases in inflammation
fibrinogen
117
marker for long term CVD (cardiovascular dx)
fibrinogen
118
increases ESR
fibrinogen
119
fibrinogen decreased in
excessive coagulation
120
defense mechanism from infection
complement
121
link to inflammatory response
complement
122
circulates as a non functional precursor
complement
123
most abundant complement in serum
C3
124
complement thats important in the patho of age related mascular degeneration
C3
125
assessing markers in rheumatic disorders such as RA and SLE
complement
126
complement is inc in
inflammation
127
complement is decreased in
DIC, HA and malnutrition
128
compelement methods
immunonephelometry and turbidimetry
129
member of pentraxin protein family
CRP
130
CRP binds to the
C-polysacc of pneumococcal
131
scavenger molecule
CRP
132
gamma-migration protein
CRP
133
cardiac marker of CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
CRP
134
inflammatory marker for CHD
CRP
135
rapid test for presumptice diag of bacterial versus viral infection
CRP
136
CRP inc in
acute, rheumatic fever, MI, RA, gout, bacterial and viral infection
137
molecular weight of myoglobin
18kDA
138
has potential nephrotoxin— must be excreted when plasma exceeds ref range
myoglobin
139
mygolobin is increased in
AMI, angina, rhabdonyolysis, muscle trauma, extraneous exercise, intramascular injection, and acute renal failure
140
AMI onset and peak myoglobin
onset: 1-3 hrs
peak: 5-12 hrs
normalized: 18-20 hrs
141
AMI value
100 ug/L
142
AMI method
immunoassay
143
complec pf three regulatory proteins that bind the filaments of cardiac muscles
troponin
144
regulators of actin amd myosin
troponins
145
ions that regulate muscle contractions
TnC
146
present in both cardiac and skeletal
TnC , TnT, TnI
147
____ and ____ are nearly absent from normal serum
TnT, TnI
148
has greater cardiac specificity; found in myocardium
Trop I
149
used for early assessment of early and late AMI
TnT
150
elevated in renal dx and muscular dystrophy
TnT
151
sensitive marker for unstable angina (angina at rest)
TnT
152
useful in monitoring effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in AMI
TnT
153
In AMI , TnT rises-peaks-normalize at
R: 3-4 hrs
P: 10-24 hes
N: 7 days (elevated for 10-14 days)
154
TnI is not present in
skeletal muscle
155
only found in myocardium
TnI
156
highly specific for AMI
TnI
157
13x more abundant in myocardium than CK-MB
TnI
158
very sensitive indicator of minor cardiac necrosis
TnI
159
In AMI, TnI levels rise-peak-normalize
R: 3-6 hrs
P: 12-18 hrs
N: 5-10 days
160
In AMI, TnI levels rise-peak-normalize
R: 3-6 hrs
P: 12-18 hrs
N: 5-10 days
161
low MW and cysteine proteinase inhibitor
cystatin C
162
not affected by physiologic factors
Cystatin C
163
freely filtered by glomerulus and proxessed by proximal tubules— produced and dstroyed at constant rate
cystatin C
164
engogenous renal marker
Cystatin C
165
alternate test for creatinine and creatining clearance test to screen and monitor kidney dysfunction
cystatin C
166
useful in liver dse, obese, muscular dse
cystatin C
167
cystatin C is inc in
renal dx
168
Cystatin c method
particle enhanced immunoturbidimetry, immunonephelometry
169
cardiac marker
BNP (B type natriuretic peptide)
170
increases in response to peptide ventricular systolix and diastolic dysfunction
BNP
171
diagnostic of congestive heart failure
BNP
172
infiltrate many organs, including heart and blood vessels, brain, and peripheral nerves, kidneys, spleen, licer, and intestine causing localized or widespread organ failure
amyloid
