ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

major EXTRACELLULAR CATION

Answer 1

SODIUM

Question 2

major contributor to PLASMA OSMOLALITY

Answer 2

SODIUM

Question 3

essential for normal neuromuscular function and cardiac impulse conduction

Answer 3

POTASSIUM

Question 4

serum level maintained by GI absorption and excretion and renal absorption and excretion

Answer 4

SODIUM

Question 5

abnormal levels are associated with acid-base disorders

Answer 5

BICARBONATE

Question 6

used to monitor px with acid-base imbalance, coagulation disorders, pathologic bone disorders, endocrine disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, muscle disorders

Answer 6

CALCIUM

Question 7

maintains electroneutrality and fluid balance

Answer 7

CHLORIDE

Question 8

almost found in all bone; in serum, may be bound to albumin or other plasma proteins

Answer 8

MAGNESIUM

Question 9

as sodium is reabsorbed, it is lost

Answer 9

HYDROGEN

Question 10

regulated by ALDOSTERONE and ADH

Answer 10

SODIUM

Question 11

levels often change proportionally to sodium levels

Answer 11

CHLORIDE

Question 12

helps evaluate electrolyte disorders such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, acid-base balance

Answer 12

CHLORIDE

Question 13

monitor pregnant px with severe toxemia in PRE-ECLAMPSIA

Answer 13

MAGNESIUM

Question 14

MAJOR ELECTROLYTE PRESENT IN ALL BOSY FLUIDS; freely excreted by the kidneys and not stored by the body

Answer 14

POTASSIUM

Question 15

accounts for more than 90% OF TOTAL CO2

Answer 15

BICARBONATE

Question 16

PARALLEL LOSS of WATER & ELECTROLYTES

Answer 16

ISOTONIC DEHYDRATION

Question 17

INFUSION OF NORMAL SALINE to px with disturbed renal function leads to ___________

Answer 17

ISOTONIC HYPERHYDRATION

Question 18

CHOLRIDE REABSORPTION IN THE PCT

Answer 18

PASSIVE

Question 19

CHLORIDE REABSORPTION IN THE ALOH

Answer 19

ACTIVE

Question 20

this results from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water

Answer 20

HYPOTONIC HYDRATION

Question 21

drug that stimulates SWEAT PRODUCTION

Answer 21

PILOCARPINE

Question 22

MOST IMPORTANT CONTROL OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS

Answer 22

PTH

Question 23

the MOST IMPORTANT in STIMULATING WATER CONSERVATION in the kidneys

Answer 23

ADH

Question 24

ISE membrane in SODIUM

Answer 24

GLASS (GLASS ELECTRODE)

Question 25

colorimetric method used in **SODIUM**

Answer 25

ALBANESE-LEIN

Question 26

ISE membrane in **POTASSIUM**

Answer 26

VALINOMYCIN

Question 27

colorimetric method used in **POTASSIUM**

Answer 27

LOCKHEAD-PURCELL

Question 28

electrolyte with **INVERSE RELATIONSHIP WITH BICARBONATE**

Answer 28

CHLORIDE

Question 29

what method uses **PILOCARPINE IONTOPHORESIS** to **STIMULATE SWEAT PRODUCTION**, with subsequent collection for sweat analysis

Answer 29

GIBSON and COOKE'S METHOD

Question 30

ion exchange membrane for **CHLORIDE**

Answer 30

TRI-N-OCTYLPROPYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE DECANOL | "TNOPACD (murag "past tense" sa "tinopak" LOL) si CL"

Question 31

**coulometric-amperometric** titration method for **CHLORIDE**

Answer 31

COTLOVE CHLORIDOMETRY

Question 32

# CHLORIDE: **MERCURIMETRIC TITRATION** using mercuric nitrate and diphenylcarbazone indicator

Answer 32

SCHALES-SCHALES

Question 33

# CHLORIDE: **SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY** using **MERCURIC ISOTHIOCYANATE**

Answer 33

WHITEHORN TITRATION

Question 34

**MOST COMMONLY USED *DYE-BINDING*** METHOD for **MAGNESIUM**

Answer 34

CALMAGITE

Question 35

color of positive reaction in using **DYE-LAKE METHOD** (Titan yellow, Clayton yellow, or thiazole yellow dye) in **MAGNESIUM**

Answer 35

RED LAKE 😍

Question 36

the ISE for **CALCIUM** consists of what membrane?

Answer 36

PVC MEMBRANE

Question 37

in the dye-binding method for **CALCIUM**, what is added in **O-CRESOLPHTHALEIN COMPLEXONE METHOD to PREVENT Mg INTERFERENCE**?

Answer 37

8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE

Question 38

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **SODIUM** FEP color

Answer 38

YELLOW

Question 38

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **POTASSIUM** FEP color

Answer 38

VIOLET

Question 39

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **COPPER II** FEP color

Answer 39

GREEN

Question 40

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **LITHIUM** FEP color

Answer 40

PINK TO RED

Question 41

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **STRONTIUM** FEP color

Answer 41

RED

Question 42

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **CALCIUM** FEP color

Answer 42

ORANGE (or RED)

Question 43

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **BARIUM** FEP color

Answer 43

LIME GREEN

Question 44

# FLAME EMISSION PHOTOMETRY: **IRON** FEP color

Answer 44

GOLD

Question 45

**MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS** in **OSMOLALITY DETERMINATION**

Answer 45

1. GLUCOSE 2. CHLORIDE 3. UREA 4. SODIUM | "GCUS"

Question 46

a 1-2% INCREASE in osmolality leads to many folds increase in AVP production?

Answer 46

4 FOLDS

Question 47

**MOST COMMON CAUSE** of **SPURIOUS K+ INCREASE**

Answer 47

ORAL K+ ADMINISTRATION

Question 48

**HIGHEST RISK** for **SPURIOUS ↑K+**

Answer 48

IV CONTAMINATION

Question 49

maintains the **VOLUME of ECF** and **CELL SIZE and SHAPE**

Answer 49

SODIUM

Question 50

**MAJOR ELECTROLYTE** for **CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTION and pH REGULATION**

Answer 50

POTASSIUM

Question 51

**MAJOR EXTRACELLULAR ANION** that acts to **MAINTAIN OSMOTIC PRESSURE**

Answer 51

CHLORIDE

Question 52

**MAJOR COMPONENT OF THE BLOOD BUFFERING SYSTEM**

Answer 52

CHLORIDE

Question 53

aids in **NERVE AND MUSCLE CONTRACTION**; essential for healthy bones and teeth

Answer 53

CALCIUM

Question 54

the **FOURTH MOST ABUNDANT CATION IN THE BODY** and the second most abundant intracellular cation

Answer 54

MAGNESIUM

Question 55

**MAINTAINS ELECTRIC NEUTRALITY** via interaction with sodium or carbon dioxide

Answer 55

CHLORIDE

Question 56

decreased levels lead to **TETANY**

Answer 56

CALCIUM

Question 57

aids in **CELL GROWTH and REPAIR**; energy; essential for healthy bones and teeth

Answer 57

PHOSPHORUS

Question 58

# SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP: **Na** (SODIUM) **OUT**, **K** (POTASSIUM) **IN**

Answer 58

REPOLARIZATION

Question 59

# SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP: **Na** (SODIUM) **IN**, **K** (POTASSIUM) **OUT**

Answer 59

DEPOLARIZATION

Question 60

**MOST COMMON** symptom **ONLY FOUND IN HYPOKALEMIA**

Answer 60

PARALYSIS

Question 61

mechanism wherein **2 SOLUTES ARE TRANSPORTED AT THE SAME TIME**

Answer 61

SYMPORTER / CO-TRANSPORT

Question 61

mechanism description: **ONE GOES IN, ONE GOES OUT**; in Acid-Base balance, **RELEASE H+, REABSORB Na & HCO3**

Answer 61

ANTIPORTER

Question 62

mechanism wherein **ONE GOES IN** (either amino acid or H2O)

Answer 62

UNIPORTER

Question 63

level of **K+ WHERE AN ABNORMALITY in ECG is noted**

Answer 63

6-7 mEq/L

Question 64

name of the shift intended for **ELECTRONEUTRALITY**; other name for **Chloride Shift**

Answer 64

HAMBURGER SHIFT

Question 65

for **VOLUME and OSMOTIC REGULATION**

Answer 65

Na, K, Cl

Question 66

for **MYOCARDIAL RHYTHM and CONTRACTILITY & NEUROMUSCULAR EXCITABILITY**

Answer 66

K, Ca, Mg

Question 67

cofactors in **ENZYME ACTIVATION**

Answer 67

Mg, Ca, Zn, Cl

Question 68

regulation of ATPase ION PUMPS

Answer 68

Mg

Question 69

blood coagulation

Answer 69

Ca, Mg

Question 70

production and use of ATP from Glucose

Answer 70

Mg, PO4

Question 71

maintenance of acid-base balance

Answer 71

HCO3, Cl, K

Question 72

redox titration methods for Calcium

Answer 72

1. CLARK-COLLIP OXALIC ACID PRECIPITATION 2. FERRO-HAM CHLORANILIC ACID PRECIPITATION

Question 73

color of positive reaction for redox titration methods of Calcium

Answer 73

PURPLE