Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSALM: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

FROM MOTHER NOTES, FINAL COACHING, and GFC

1
Q

when a beam of light passes through a solution, some of the light may be ABSORBED by the molecules of the substance in a solution, while the REST IS TRANSMITTED

A

SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

measures the quantity of LIGHT REFLECTED by a liquid sample that has been dispensed onto a grainy or fibrous solid support

A

REFLECTOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

compounds ABSORB ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, become excited, and RETURN TO AN ENERGY LEVEL LOWER THAN OR EQUAL TO THEIR ORIGINAL LEVEL

A

LUMINESCENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the light emission from a SINGLET excited state is called __________

A

FLUORESCENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

light emission from an excited TRIPLET STATE is called _____________

A

PHOSPHORESCENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

afterglow; takes time to release light; RELEASES LIGHT AFTER LIGHT IS TURNED OFF

A

PHOSPHORESCENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

emission of light is created from a CHEMICAL or ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION and not from absorption of electromagnetic energy

A

CHEMILUMINESCENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

LIGHT SCATTERING

A

NEPHELOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LIGHT BLOCKING

A

TURBIDIMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LIGHT REFRACTION

A

REFRACTOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BASED ON COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES; measurement of the osmolality of an aqueous solution such as serum, plasma, or urine

A

OSMOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

measures multiple properties of cells SUSPENDED IN A MOVING FLUID MEDIUM

A

FLOW CYTOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

outer fluid stream creates a laminar flow forcing the specimen to the center, and results in a SINGLE-FILE ALIGNMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL CELLS

A

HYDRODYNAMIC FOCUSING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what light scatter is PROPORTIONAL TO CELL SIZE?

(X) = CELL SIZE

A

FORWARD LIGHT SCATTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

related to CELL GRANULARITY and NUCLEAR IRREGULARITY

A

90° or RIGHT ANGLE SCATTER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

color of fluorescence when FLUORESCEIN is used as a marker

A

GREEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

color of fluorescence when PHYCOERYTHRIN is used as a contrasting marker

A

RED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

involves measurement of the current or voltage generated by the activity of specific ions

A

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the measurement of potential (voltage) between two electrodes in a solution forms the basis for a variety of procedures for measuring analyte concentration

A

POTENTIOMETRY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

method that generates NO NET CURRENT

A

POTENTIOMETRY

murag kami, no net current kay walay potential chz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

used in pCO2 and pH ELECTRODES

A

SEVERINGHAUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

measures the quantity of electricity (in COULOMBS) needed to convert an analyte to a different oxidation state

A

COULOMETRY

grabe na gyud if mamali pa ani 😀

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

measurement of the CURRENT FLOW by an OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTION

A

AMPEROMETRY

“REDOX-AMPEROMETRY”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

amperometry is paired with what method?

A

POLAROGRAPHY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
used in **PO2 ELECTRODES**
CLARK ELECTRODE
26
a potential is applied to an electrochemical cell and the **RESULTING CURRENT IS MEASURED**
VOLTAMMETRY
27
an electrochemical technique used to **MEASURE HEAVY METALS SUCH AS LEAD**
ANODIC STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY
28
a measure of the ability of a solution to **CARRY AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT**
CONDUCTANCE
29
based on the **CHANGE IN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE** across an aperture when a particle in conductive liquid passes through this aperture | clue: RESISTANCE
IMPEDANCE
29
the separation of charged compounds **BASED ON THEIR ELECTRICAL CHARGE**
ELECTROPHORESIS
30
absorbance of the stain on a support medium; **used in ELECTROPHORESIS TO MEASURE THE BANDS**
DENSITOMETRY
31
performed similiarly to other electrophoresis methods, except that the separating molecules **MIGRATE THROUGH A pH GRADIENT**
ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING
32
a separation method based on different interactions of the specimen compounds with the **MOBILE PHASE** and with the **STATIONARY PHASE** as the compounds travel through a support medium
CHROMATOGRAPHY
33
# CHROMATOGRAPHY: a simple and inexpensive method that **SEPARATES COLORED SOLUTIONS INTO TWO BANDS**
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
34
# CHROMATOGRAPHY: a common method in forensics that uses **GAS AS THE MOBILE PHASE**; a mixture is heated and vaporized in a column oven before being added to a sample injector
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
35
# CHROMATOGRAPHY: a technique that **SEPARATES MOLECULES BASED IN THEIR POLARITY or HYDROPHOBICITY**; the mixture is separated **based on how it partitions** between the stationary and mobile phases
COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
36
based on **FRAGMENTATION and IONIZATION** of molecules using a suitable source of energy
MASS SPECTROMETRY | "FRAGMENTS according to **MASS**"
37
are flashes of light that occur when gamma rays or charged particles interact with matter
SCINTILLATION
38
generally used to **DETECT *GAMMA RADIATION***
CRYSTAL SCINTILLATION
39
primarily used to **COUNT RADIONUCLIDES THAT EMIT *BETA PARTICLES***
LIQUID SCINTILLATION
40
when a high voltage is applied acorss the capillary ends, the sample molecules are **SEPARATED BY ELECTRO-OSMOTIC FLOW**
CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS
41
a technique for determining the structure of **organic compounds**
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
42
**NONDESTRUCTIVE** and requires a **LARGER SAMPLE VOLUME THAN MS**
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
43
measurement of **RADIANT ENERGY** absorbed by a solution
MOLAR SPECTROMETRY | "MOLARADIANT"
44
measures concentration through the detection of **ABSORBANCE** of electromagnetic radiation by **ATOMS instead of MOLECULES**
AAS | ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
45
an analytic technique that uses measurements made at **5-90 degrees** incident to the beam
NEPHELOMETRY
46
principles of **NEPHELOMETRY**
1. PARTICLE SIZE 2. WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENT
47
technique that measures at **180 degrees** to the incident beam
TURBIDIMETRY
48
chemical reaction that produces light and usually involves **OXIDATION of LUMINOL, ACRIDINIUM ESTERS, and DIOXETANES**
CHEMILUMINESCENCE
49
is the photometric measurement of light emitted by a substance that has **PREVIOUSLY EXCITED BY A SOURCE OF UV LIGHT**
FLUOROMETRY
50
the measurement of electrical signals associated with chemical systems that are incorporated into an electrochemical cell
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
51
the measurement of voltage potentials is based on the measurement of a **POTENTIAL (VOLTAGE) DIFFERENCE** between two electrodes immersed in a solution
POTENTIOMETRY
52
# ELECTRODE: is sensitive to and **REPSPONDS TO CHANGES** in concentration of a particular ion species in the solution in which the electrode is immersed
INDICATOR ELECTRODE
53
# ELECTRODE: has a potential that **DOES NOT CHANGE**; not influenced by the activity of the ion being measured
REFERENCE ELECTRODE
54
is the measurement of the amount of **ELECTRICITY PASSING BETWEEN TWO ELECTRODES** in an electrochemical cell
COULOMETRY | "muagi siya between "columns (coulombs)"
55
is the measurement of the current **FLOWING THROUGH AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL** when a potential is applied to the electrodes
AMPEROMETRY
56
is the measurement of particle concentration that is **RELATED TO THE OSMOTIC PRESSURE** of the solution
OSMOMETRY
57
a special form of chemiluminescence where an **ENZYME-CATALYZED CHEMICAL REACTION PRODUCES LIGHT EMISSION**
BIOLUMINESCENCE
58
involves the use of **NATURAL SUBSTRATES** such as **LUCIFERIN**
BIOLUMINESCENCE | natural...so BIO
59
emission of light caused by a reaction generated **ELECTROCHEMICALLY ON THE SURFACE OF THE ELECTRODE**; uses **RUTHENIUM**
ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE
60
1000x **MORE SENSITIVE THAN SPECTROPHOTOMETRY**
FLUOROMETRY
61
2 types of **DOUBLE-BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY**
1. DOUBLE BEAM IN SPACE 2. DOUBLE BEAM IN TIME
62
# DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY has **1 BEAM SPLITTER** and 2 photodetectors
DOUBLE BEAM IN SPACE
63
# DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY uses **CHOPPER and 1 PHOTODETECTOR**
DOUBLE BEAM IN TIME
64
method **AFFECTED BY *QUENCHING***
FLUOROMETRY
65
measurement of light emission caused by a CHEMICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, or ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION, **NOT BY PHOTO ILLUMINATION**
LUMINOMETRY
66
designed to **COMPENSATE FOR VARIATIONS IN INTENSITY OF THE LIGHT SOURCE** by splitting the light beam from the lamp and directing one portion to a reference cuvet and the other to the sample cuvet
DOUBLE BEAM SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
67
**DETECTION OF SCINTILLATIONS** (flashes of light) using a PM tube and **COUNTING** of the electrical impulses
SCINTILLATION COUNTING
68
measurement of light emitted by atoms **FOLLOWING EXCITATION BY HEAT ENERGY**; traditionally used to determine the concentration of Na, Li, K
FLAME PHOTOMETRY
69
what method **EMPLOYS AN INTERNAL STANDARD**?
FLAME PHOTOMETRY
70
internal standard for **Na, K**
LITHIUM
71
internal standard for **LITHIUM**
CESIUM
72
H+ sensitive glass electrode containing Ag/AgCl wire in electrolyte of known pH and reference electrode
pH ELECTRODE
73
pH electrode covered with **MEMBRANE PERMEABLE TO CO2**, with bicarbonate buffer between membrane and electrode
pCO2 ELECTRODE (SEVERINGHAUS)
74
electrode used to measure Na, K, Cl, IONIZED Ca
ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE
75
used in **SERUM and SWEAT CHLORIDE ANALYSIS**
COTLOVE CHLORIDOMETER
76
uses a **PLATINUM CATHODE** and Ag/AgCl anode covered with glass-permeable membrane which allows dissolved O2 to pass through
pO2 ELECTRODE (CLARK)
77
measurement of current produced at **GRADUALLY INCREASING VOLTAGE** applied between two electrodes in contact with a solution containing an analyte
POLAROGRAPHY
78
light source for AAS
HOLLOW CATHODE LAMP
79
reference method for **DIVALENT CATIONS** (Ca, Mg)
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY (AAS)
80
induces an electrochemical rxn by applying a **VOLTAGE** and **MEASURES THE RESULTING CURRENT**
VOLTAMMETRY
81
electrodes used in VOLTAMMETRY
1. AUXILIARY ELECTRODE 2. REFERENCE ELECTRODE 3. WORKING ELECTRODE
82
current flow in VOLTAMMETRY
POSITIVE

PSALM: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions