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Electrolytes Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Normal sodium range

A

135-145

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2
Q

What does sodium do?

A

Nerve impulses, muscle contractility, regulation of acid base balance

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3
Q

Sodium and balances are typically associated with what?

A

Imbalances in fluid volume like hypovolemia

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4
Q

What are the levels for hyponatremia?

A

<135

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5
Q

What are some causes of hyponatremia?

A

Fluid gain or sodium loss

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6
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of hyponatremia?

A

Irritability, confusion, coma, seizures, hypertension, weight gain

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7
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hyponatremia?

A

Give hypertonic solution, put on fluid restrictions, watch for falls

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8
Q

What are the levels for hyper natremia?

A

> 145

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9
Q

What are some causes of hyper natremia?

A

Diet, water loss, sodium gain, dehydration,

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10
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?

A

Restlessness, Thirsty, weight loss, weakness, tachycardia, postural hypotension

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11
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypernatremia?

A

Give fluids, give hypotonic fluids or isotonic fluids, get rid of excess sodium, watch for falls

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12
Q

What are the levels for magnesium?

A

1.5-2.5

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13
Q

What is the role of magnesium?

A

Necessary for protein and carbohydrate metabolism, maintains levels of potassium, involved in electrical activity in cardiac and muscles, maintains calcium and potassium balances,

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14
Q

What are the levels for hypomagnesemia?

A

<1.5

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15
Q

What are causes of hypomagnesemia?

A

Alcoholism, increased Reno loss, diuretics, fluid loss from the G.I. Tract

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16
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypomagnesemia?

A

Resembles low calcium, changes in level of consciousness, hyper active deep tendon reflex is, tachycardia, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias

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17
Q

What are nursing inventions for hypomagnesemia?

A

Treat by lowering calcium

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18
Q

What are the levels for hypermagnesemia?

A

> 2.5

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19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of hypermagnesemia?

A

Hypo active deep tendon reflexes, Changes in level of consciousness, muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension

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20
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypermagnesemia?

A

Magnesium correlates with calcium, raise calcium levels

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21
Q

What are the levels for potassium?

22
Q

What is the role of potassium?

Study These Flashcards
A

Conduction of cardiac rhythm, transmission of nerve and muscle impulses, acid base balance

23
Q

What are the levels of hypo kalemia?

24
Q

What are the causes of hypo kalemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Metabolic alkalosis, Lasix IV insulin, magnesium deficiency, loss from the G.I. tract

25
What are signs and symptoms of hypo kalemia?
Cardiac issues (depressed T-wave, dysrhythmia, cardiac arrest, irregular heart rate) Fatigue, muscle weakness, leg cramps and pain
26
What are the levels of hyper kalemia?
>5.0
27
What are some causes of hyperkalemia?
Salt substitutes, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, multiple blood transfusions
28
What are some signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Cardiac issues******, Muscle weakness leg cramps and pain, confusion, irritability
29
What are some nursing interventions for hypo kalemia?
Administer IV or PO potassium, eat bananas or oranges
30
What do you do when administering IV potassium?
Dilute it because it is irritating to pains, and monitor IV site, monitor cardiac
31
What are some nursing interventions for hyperkalemia?
Give diuretic to Pee it out, use Lasix, Kayexalate, regular insulin Ivy, monitor cardiac, watched he waves, Fall risk
32
How are sodium and potassium related?
Sodium drawls fluid out of cells and increases blood pressure, while potassium draws fluid into the cells and decreases BP, They are inversely related so an increase in one is a decrease in the other
33
What are the levels of calcium?
8.6-10.2
34
What is the role of calcium?
Conduction of cardiac rhythm structure of teeth and bones, blood clotting, inverse relationship with phosphate, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction
35
What is the level of hypocalcemia?
<8.6
36
What are causes of hypocalcemia?
Vitamin D deficiency, hypo-parathyroidism, acute pancreatitis
37
What are signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
Excessive excitability, tetany, changes in LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias, positive trousseau sign and positive Chvosteks sign
38
What are hypercalcemia levels?
>10.2
39
What are causes of hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism, Immobilization, malignancies
40
What are signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia?
Decreased excitability, changes in LOC, cardiac dysrhythmias, Groans, moans, stones, bones
41
What are some nursing interventions of hypocalcemia?
If phosphate levels are high, lower phosphate levels, administer calcium and vitamin D intake
42
What are some nursing interventions for hypercalcemia?
Give calcitonin, monitor cardiac, monitor kidneys, raise phosphate levels if necessary
43
Phosphate range
2.4-4.4
44
What is phosphate reversely related to?
Calcium
45
What is the role of phosphate?
Muscles, RBCs, nervous system, found in bones and teeth, catalyst for cell reactions, Acid base buffering
46
Signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia
<2.4 changes in LOC, muscle weakness and pain, high calcium levels
47
Causes of hypophosphatemia
Alcohol withdrawal, diet
48
Causes of hyperphosphatemia
Chemo and poor kidney function
49
Signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia
Tetany, muscle cramps, parasthesia, seizures, low calcium
50
Interventions for hyperphosphatemia
Treat low calcium

Fluid And Electrolytes (4 decks)

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