Electrolytes

Question 1

Two major Fluid compartments in the body?

Answer 1

Intracellular (28L)

Extracellular (14L)

Question 2

4 ECF compartments?

Answer 2

intravascular
interstitial
lymph
trancellular

Question 3

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 3

power of solution to draw H20 through selectively permeable membrane
- Higher conc exerts high osmotic pressue

Question 4

Filtration pressure (no net energy used)

Answer 4

pressure in compartment that results in movement of fluid and solutes- made up of the net of next 2 pressures

Question 5

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 5

Pressure exerted by fluid within a closed system on the walls of container

Question 6

Oncotic pressure

Answer 6

caused by proteins

creates a pull

Question 7

Maintaining Homeostasis with electrolytes

Answer 7

Kidneys
Endocrine system
CV
lungs
GI system
Hormones

Question 8

Problems caused by Fluid imbalances

Answer 8

Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Dehydration
Overhydration

Question 9

Isotonic

Answer 9

Same osmolarity of body

Question 10

Hypertonic

Answer 10

Higher osmolality than body fluids

Question 11

Hypotonic

Answer 11

lower osmolality than body fluids

Question 12

State electrolyte osmolality examples

Answer 12

NA- biggest determinant of serum osmolality ECF
K+ glucose & urea determine osmolality of Intracellular fluid
Plasma proteins: cause colloid or osmotic pressure

Question 13

Electrolyte examples

Answer 13

Na / CI/ K+ / Ca/ HPO (phosphate) Mg/ HCO3

Question 14

Sodium NA Function

Answer 14

high conc in ECF
-cation
Water balance
Transmission of nerve impulses

Question 15

Potassium k+

Answer 15

High conc in ICF

Cation
Electrical conduction of nerve impulses - cardiac conduction
cell metabolism (glycogen and glucose)
Body is more sensitive to small changes in K+ than other electrolytes

Question 16

Calcium

Answer 16

In ECF 1%
Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle contraction/ blood clotting
_ intake via diet. Vit D is needed to be absorbed

Question 17

Phosphate

Answer 17

forms teeth
Metabolises carbs protein and fat
Cellular metabolim ATP & DNA
Regulates CA levels

Question 18

Magnesium

Answer 18

Operates NA-K pump in use of ATP

relaxes muscle contraction

Question 19

Bicarbonate HCO3

Answer 19

Acid base essential
- carbonic acid bicarbonate buffering system
ECF regulated by kidneys
Kidneys regenerate and reasorb if needed

Question 20

Factors affecting Electrolytes

Answer 20

Age/ Gender/ body size
Environmental temp
Lifestytle/ Diet
Exercise
Stress

Question 21

Nursing Management of electrolytes

Answer 21

monitor urine/ vomit/liquid faces/ tube drainage/ wound drainage

Question 22

What is a solute

Answer 22

Substance dissolved in solution

Question 23

Non electrolyte examples

Answer 23

Urea, glucose, creatinine, protein

Question 24

Examples of positively charged ions

Answer 24

Na+/ CA2+/ K+/ H+

Question 25

Examples of negatively charged ions

Answer 25

CI-/ HCO3-

Question 26

Describe Filtration pressure

Answer 26

Pressure in a compartment that results in movement of fluid and soluted- made up of the net of next pressures

Question 27

What is tonicity

Answer 27

the amount of osmoles within a soltuion

Question 28

Isotonic

Answer 28

Same osmolality as the body

Question 29

Hypertonic

Answer 29

Higher osmolality than the body

Question 30

Hypotonic

Answer 30

Lower osmolality than the body

Question 31

Describe the kidneys involvement in keeping the homeostasis

Answer 31

- primary regulator of fluid and electrolyte - regulates h2O and lyte excretion a-cid base balance by excreting h+ and retaining Carbonic acid HCO3

Question 32

What is hypovolemia

Answer 32

Decreased amount of volume in the blood

Question 33

what is hypervolemia

Answer 33

Increased amount of volume in the blood

Question 34

Describe Dehydration

Answer 34

water loss but no lyte lost

Question 35

Overhydration description

Answer 35

water intoxication more water than lytes, low osmolaity and low na levels

Question 36

Describe Osmolality concentration

Answer 36

determined by the total solute conc within a fluid compartment

Question 37

Biggest determinant of serum osmolality

Answer 37

NA

Question 38

K+, glucose & urea determine osmolality of what?

Answer 38

ICF

Question 39

Plasma proteins cause what?

Answer 39

Colloid or osmotic pressure

Question 40

How are electrolytes regulated

Answer 40

most within the diet and excreted into the waster

Question 41

How are Na and CI gained within the body

Answer 41

not stored consumed daily

Question 42

How is K and CA gained in the body

Answer 42

stored within the bones and cells