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Clinical Chemistry > Electrolytes (Ciulla) > Flashcards

Electrolytes (Ciulla) Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Properties of a soln influenced by number of molecules in a soln ( NOT their indv composition)

A

Colligative Properties

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2
Q

4 types of Colligative Propeeties

A

Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure

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3
Q

Measure of numb of DISSOLVED Particles in a solution?

A

Osmolality

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4
Q

Serum osmolality expressed as?? Unit?

A

mOsm/kg of water

Milliosmoles/kg

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5
Q

Ref range for

Serum Osmolality

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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6
Q

Osmolality regulated by?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What happens if increase osmolality in blood? 2 things…

A

Consuming more h20= dec osmolality

Post Pituitary secrete ADH [ RENAL reabs] = dec osm

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8
Q

Formula for osmolality

A

1.86(Na) + gluc/18+ BUN/2.8 + 9

2(Na) + gluc/20 + BUN/3

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9
Q

Osmolal Gap value

A

<15

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10
Q

3 Osmolal gap can occur when?

A

Excessive alcohol
Ingest Toxins Ethylene glycol
Excess B-hydroxybutyrate

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11
Q

Why measure osmolality???

A

Asses:

Electrolyte disorder

Acid base status

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12
Q

Major Molecules measured in serum osmolality??

A

SCUG

SODIUM
CHLORIDE
UREA
GLUCOSE

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13
Q

Charged ions found in Intracell, extracell, interstitual fluid??

A

ELECTROLYTES

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14
Q

Positively charged ions

A

CATIONS

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15
Q

Negatively charged ions

A

ANIONS

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16
Q

Four major CATIONS?

SPCM

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

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17
Q

Major Anions

A 
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Phosphate
Sulfate
Organic acids
Protein
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18
Q

Major Cation of Extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium

“MEC” major extracell cation

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19
Q

Changes in sodium result in changes in Plasma volume? True or false?

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Renal sodium threshold?

A

110-130 mmol/L

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21
Q

Hyponatremia <135 mmol/L

2 types?

Study These Flashcards
A

Depletion hyponat

Dilution hyponat

22
Q

Caused by diuretics, Addisons dse, Diarrhea, vomiting, severe burns, trauma

Study These Flashcards
A

Depletion hyponat

23
Q 
Due to 
Over-hydration
SIADH
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Cirrhosis
Study These Flashcards
A

Dilutional hyponat

24
Q

Hypernatremia > 150 mmol/L

Dse assoc?

Study These Flashcards
A 
Hyperaldosteronism
Lost of water during : 
Diarrhea
Sweating
Diabetes Insipidus
25
Major Intracellular Cation
Potassium
26
Potassium range
3.4-5.0 mmol/L
27
Sodium range
135-145 mmol/L
28
Hypokalemia <3 mmol/L Assoc conditions?
Hyperaldosteronism Laxative abuse Excess Insulin Decrease diet intake
29
Hyperkalemia level? Conditions?
>5 ``` Hypoaldosteronism Metabolic acidosis Leukemia Chemotherapy Renal Failure Inc Intake diet ```
30
Major ANION of Extracellular fluid
Chloride
31
Chloride range
98-107 mmol/L
32
T or F | Chloride levels change PROPORTIONALLY with sodium level.
True
33
2nd largest anion fraction of Extracell fluid
Bicarbonate
34
Bicarbonate range
22-29
35
Clinically conc of Total Carbon Dioxide is measured bcause it is difficult to measure HCO3. T or F
True
36
Clinical significance of Decrease ctCO2
Metabolic Acidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis Salicylate toxicity
37
Increase ctCO2
Metb alkalosis Emphysema Severe vomiting
38
Mathematical formula used to demo ELECTRONUETRALITY of body fluids?
ANION gap
39
Decrease ANION gap dse (2)
Hypoalbuminemia Hypercalcemia
40
Biologically active form of Calcium?
Ionized calcium
41
Decreased iCal? Dse with muscle spasm uncontrolled musc contarctions
Tetany
42
Serum Calcium controlled by (3)
PTH Vit D Calcitonin
43
Effect of PTH in bones?
Activate osteoclast= release of calcium
44
Effect of PTH in Kidneys
Increase Tubular Reabs of Calcium Stimulates HYDROXYLATION of Vit D
45
Active form of Vit D
1,25 hyrdoxycholecalcalciferol In the kidneys. Active na In the liver. Inactive pa
46
T or F calcium absorp Enhanced by Vit D
True
47
Released by para follicular cells when serum calcium level INCREASES
CALCITONIN
48
Inhibits Vit D and PTH
Calcitonin
49
Total Calcium Range
8.6-10.3 mg/dL
50
Free calcium range
4.6-5.3

Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

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