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Clinical Laboratory Medicine > Electrolytes: Potassium Disorders > Flashcards

Electrolytes: Potassium Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The four corners of an electrolyte panel diagram in clockwise fashion…

A

sodium, potassium, bicarb, chloride

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2
Q

What is the major intracellular cation?

A

potassium

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3
Q

RAAS has what effect on potassium?

A

increased excretion

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4
Q

This is artificially high potassium occurring from venipuncture related hemolysis..

A

pseudohyperkalemia

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5
Q

renal failure

meds: aldo ant, K sparring diuretics, ACE/ARBs

hypoaldosteronism

these all cause hyperkalemia via…

A

inadequate excretion

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6
Q

Adrenal insufficiency (addison’s)

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

nsaids

renal tubular dysfunction

These are common etiologies of hyperkalemia via…

A

hypoaldosteronism

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7
Q

Tissue damage, decreased insulin, and acidosis can cause hyperkalemia via…

A

redistribution of potassium (ICF–> ECF)

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8
Q

A 0.1 decrease in pH raises potassium approx _____ to ECF

A

05.-1 mEq

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9
Q

potassium supplementation, PO or IV, or potassium containing salt substitutes… these are what causes of hyperkalemia?

A

excess admin

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10
Q

Hyperkalemia… its

A FACT

Stands for…

A 
arrhythmia
flaccid paralysis
ascending muscle weakness
conduction abnormality
t-waves
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11
Q 
arrhythmia
flaccid paralysis
ascending muscle weakness
conduction abnormality
t-waves

these are signs of…

A

hyperkalemia

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12
Q

How is hyperkalemia treated rapidly?

A

rapid correction with IV calcium chloride

sodium bicarb, d50W + insulin

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13
Q

The below can treat hyperkalemia via…

sodium bicarb, d50W + insulin

A

shift potassium ECF to ICF

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14
Q

How is hyperkalemia treated slowly?

A

loop or thiazide diuretics

stop offending cause

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15
Q

The following are four causes of ______

inadequate intake
GI loss
Renal loss
ECF to ICF

A

hypokalemia

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16
Q

What cause of hypokalemia?

thiazide or loop diuretic use

A

inadequate K intake

17
Q

What cause of hypokalemia?

vomiting
NG suction
metabolic alkalosis

A

GI Loss

18
Q

metabolic alkalosis causes…

A

hypokalemia

19
Q

What cause of hypokalemia?

diuretics

bicarb excretion

mineralocorticoid excess: hyperaldosteronism, cushings

A

renal loss

20
Q

What cause of hypokalemia?

metabolic alkalosis
insulin
beta agonists
periodic paralysis

A

redistribution ECF to ICF

21
Q

The following are indicative of…

U waves
Cramping
respiratory failure
rhabdo
anorexia, NV
muscle weakness
paralysis
A

hypokalemia (hypokalemia: yoU CRRAMP)

22
Q

With hypokalemia, what other electrolyte should you always check because it is followed by potassium…

A

Mg

23
Q

Rapid correction of hypokalemia:

A

cardiac monitor and IV potassium chloride

24
Q

when rapidly correcting hypokalemia, how often should you get a stat potassium?

A

q 2-4 hrs

25
Q

Slow correction of hypokalemia should occur via…

A

PO supplementation

Clinical Laboratory Medicine (9 decks)

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