electrolytes pt2

Question 1

hyponatremia causes

Answer 1

high SIADH (retain too much fluid)
excess H2O intake (psychogenic polydipsia)
low aldosterone
inappropriate use of fluids

Question 2

hyponatermia cues

Answer 2

cerebral edema
decreased respiratory rate
fatigue & muscle cramps

Question 3

hypernatremia causes

Answer 3

hypertonic saline
low ADH
enteral feedings
diuretics (thiazides)

Question 4

hypernatremia cues

Answer 4

edema
increased muscle tone
swollen dry tongue

Question 5

hyperkalemia causes

Answer 5

impaired kidney function
renal failure
ACE inhibitors
Aldactone (spironolactone)

Question 6

hyperkalemia cues

Answer 6

peaked T waves, wide QRS complex
hypotension
diarrhea

Question 7

hypokalemia causes

Answer 7

thiazide and loop diuretics
metabolic alkalosis
hypomagnesemia

Question 8

hypokalemia cues

Answer 8

depressed T waves, prominent U wave
weak respiratory muscles
paralyzed limbs/intestines

Question 9

hypermagnesemia causes

Answer 9

increased intake (only when renal failure present)
treatment for hypomegnesemia
hypokalcemia (direct relationship)

Question 10

hypermagnesemia cues

Answer 10

HIGH MELLOW
decreased DTR
respiratory & cardiac arrest

Question 11

hypomagnesemia causes

Answer 11

decreased intake
alcoholism (increased absorption & decreased excretion)
hyperglycemia

Question 12

hypomagnesemia cues

Answer 12

LOW MELLOW
torsades de pointes
increased DTR
seizures

Question 13

hypercalcemia causes

Answer 13

hyperparathyroidism (too much PTH)
malignancy and tumors
Addisons disease

Question 14

hypercalcemia cues

Answer 14

osteoporosis (bone pain)
loss of muscle tone
kidney stones

Question 15

hypocalcemia causes

Answer 15

hypoparathyroidism (thyroidectomy)
acute pancreatitis
low magnesium
multiple blood transfusions

Question 16

hypocalcemia cues

Answer 16

trousseaus
chvosteks
increased muscle tone
tingling around mouth and extremities

Question 17

hyperphosphatemia causes

Answer 17

acute or chronic kidney failure
chemotherapy
excessive ingestion

Question 18

hyperphosphatemia cues

Answer 18

THINK HYPOCALCEMIA
calcified deposits in soft tissues
neuromuscular irritability and tetany

Question 19

hypophosphatemia causes

Answer 19

malnourishment
alcohol abuse
use of phosphate-binding antacids

Question 20

hypophosphatemia cues

Answer 20

THINK HYPERCALCEMIA
CNS depression
muscle weakness and pain

Question 21

sodium and potassium relationship

Answer 21

inverse

Question 22

potassium and magnesium relationship

Answer 22

direct

Question 23

calcium and phosphate relationship

Answer 23

inverse

Question 24

magnesium and phosphate relationship

Answer 24

inverse

Question 25

calcium and magnesium

Answer 25

direct