Electromagnetic Modalities

Question 1

use electromagnetic waves such
as radio waves, microwaves, and light waves to transport
electrical and magnetic energy through space to effect in body
structures

Answer 1

ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES

Question 2

The distance expressed in meters or centimeters

Answer 2

WAVELENGTH

Question 3

The rate of passage of crests on the wave from expressed in
cycles per second or hertz (Hz)

Answer 3

FREQUENCY

Question 4

Consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields at right
angles to one another and at right angle to the propagation
direction

Answer 4

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

Question 5

a particle produces by molecular motion

Answer 5

PHOTONS

Question 6

The two most important properties of electromagnetic waves in relation to therapeutic modalities are their

Answer 6

energy and their
inertia

Question 7

as waves hit the substance, they bounce back

Answer 7

Reflection

Question 8

the waves bend as they pass thru the substance

Answer 8

Refraction

Question 9

the wave is transmitted thru the substance

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

Partially transmitted waves are absorbed by the tissues and turned into heat

Answer 10

Absorption

Question 11

The intensity of the electromagnetic wave is inversely proprtional to the distance squared

Answer 11

Inverse square law

Question 12

When the source is at an angle, some of it is
reflected to the side rather than moving into the
tissue

Answer 12

Cosine or right-angle law

Question 13

Full effects

Answer 13

90 degrees

Question 14

50% effect

Answer 14

30 degrees

Question 15

“Energy that is absorbed by superficial layers is no
longer available to deeper-lying tissues”

Answer 15

Law of Grotthus-Draper

Question 16

There is an optimal amount of energy absorption per
unit of time that is beneficial

Answer 16

Arndt-Schultz principle

Question 17

High-frequency electromagnetic radiation is ionizing and can
break molecular bonds to form ions.

Answer 17

Ionizing radiation

Question 18

Lower-frequency electromagnetic radiation is nonionizing
and cannot break molecular bonds or produce ions

Answer 18

Non-ionizing radiation

Question 19

DO NOT increase tissue temperature

Answer 19

Nonthermal mechanisms

Question 20

Thermal mechanisms

Answer 20

can increase tissue
temperature

Question 21

produces superficial heating
and not requiring direct contact with the body

Answer 21

Infrared Light

Question 22

produces erythema and tanning of the skin and epidermal
hyperplasia and is essential for Vit D synthesis

Answer 22

Ultraviolet Light

Question 23

It is used primarily for the treatment of
psoriasis and other skin disorders

Answer 23

Ultraviolet Light

Question 24

can be used to heat deep tissues and, when applied at a low-average intensity using a
pulsed signal, may decrease pain and edema and facilitate tissue healing by nonthermal mechanisms

Answer 24

Shortwave and microwave energy

Question 25

used to promote tissue healing and to control pain and inflammation by nonthermal mechanisms

Answer 25

Visible Light

Question 26

Capacitive plates should be

Answer 26

2 to 10 cm away from the skin surface

Question 27

Use a towel to absorb any moisture that may occur

Answer 27

Continuous (Thermal) SWD

Question 28

Sensation of Continuous (Thermal) SWD

Answer 28

slight tingling or warmth

Question 29

Non thermal so it is not uncommon for the patient to not feel any particular sensation

Answer 29

Pulsed (nonthermal) SWD

Question 30

application of light for a variety of devices for a variety of therapeutic purposes

Answer 30

LIGHT THERAPY

Question 31

used to treat orthopedic injuries helping to reduce pain and inflammation, and skin conditions like psoriasis or acne by promoting healing and tissue repair

Answer 31

LIGHT THERAPY

Question 32

no parameter adjustments need to be made

Answer 32

Type I,II, and III

Question 33

use 80-90% of the recommended maximum power

Answer 33

Type IV

Question 34

70-80% of the recommended maximum power

Answer 34

Type V

Question 35

use 60-70% of the recommended maximum power

Answer 35

Type VI

Question 36

for focal application with maximum penetration depth and the strongest thermal effect

Answer 36

10 mm spacer

Question 37

optimal for most applications, it features an optimal ratio between the penetration depth and the thermal effect

Answer 37

30 mm spacer:

Question 38

suitable for the superficial applications; has a lower penetration depth and a lower thermal effect; suitable for the treatment of acute and superficial conditions

Answer 38

60 mm spacer

Question 39

used to decrease pain

Answer 39

Analgesic

Question 40

used to support the healing and regeneration of the affected area

Answer 40

Biostimulation

Question 41

Distance of lamp to skin

Answer 41

0.45 to 0.6 m

Question 42

Preheat non-luminous lamp

Answer 42

5 minutes

Question 43

MWD frequency

Answer 43

2456-915 MHz

Question 44

electrical fields

Answer 44

MWD

Question 45

SWD frequency

Answer 45

10-50 MHz