Intro to Different Agents and Modalities

Question 1

Consists of energy and materials applied to patients to assist in rehabilitation.

Answer 1

PHYSICAL AGENT

Question 2

Include heat, cold, water, light, sound, and electricity may be applied to the body

Answer 2

PHYSICAL AGENT

Question 3

Refer to those physical agents that provide a change in tissue temperature, either heating or cooling the tissue

Answer 3

THERMAL MODALITIES

Question 4

PHYSICAL AGENT MODALITIES

Answer 4

Thermal modalities
Electromagnetic modalities
Electric modalities
Mechanical modalities

Question 5

Categories of thermal modalities

Answer 5

• Superficial Thermal Agents and
• Deep Thermal Agents

Question 5

Facilitate transfer of energy through conduction, convection, or conversion and through radiation and evaporation

Answer 5

THERMAL MODALITIES

Question 6

one surface with heat energy transfers heat to another surface through direct contact. There should be direct contact in order to transfer heat

Answer 6

Conduction

Question 7

There is also a need for direct contact from one material to the heat surface. There is a continuously circulating of heat energy

Answer 7

Convection

Question 8

Transfer of other forms of energy to another energy into heat energy. Electrical to heat - Chemical to heat energy

Answer 8

Conversion

Question 9

Result of energy exchange by direct collision between the molecules of two materials at different temperatures.

Answer 9

CONDUCTION

Question 9

change of liquid into gas. Thermal energy is transferred through the changes of state of a liquid into gas when it is applied to the body

Answer 9

Evaporation

Question 10

Heat is conducted from the material at the higher temperature to the material at the lower temperature as faster-moving molecules in the warmer material collide with molecules in the cooler material, causing them to accelerate.

Answer 10

CONDUCTION

Question 11

Occurs only between materials of different temperatures that are in direct contact with each other

Answer 11

CONDUCTION

Question 12

Occurs as the result of direct contact between a circulating medium and another material of a different temperature

Answer 12

CONVECTION

Question 13

During heating or cooling by _____ , the thermal agent is in motion, so new parts of the agent at the initial treatment temperature keep coming into contact with the patient’s body part

Answer 13

CONVECTION

Question 14

Involves the conversion of a nonthermal form of energy, such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy, into heat

Answer 14

CONVERSION

Question 15

is not affected by the temperature of the thermal agent

Answer 15

CONVERSION

Question 16

Does not require direct contact between the thermal agent and the body; however, it does require any intervening material to be a good transmitter of that type of energy

Answer 16

CONVERSION

Question 17

Involves the direct transfer of energy from a material with a higher temperature to one with a lower temperature without the need for an intervening medium or contact

Answer 17

RADIATION

Question 18

A material must absorb energy to evaporate and thus change form from a liquid to a gas or vapor

Answer 18

EVAPORATION

Question 19

This energy is absorbed in the form of heat derived from the material itself or from an adjoining material, resulting in a decrease in temperature

Answer 19

EVAPORATION

Question 20

The application of modalities to the surface of the body that heat primarily the surface tissues

Answer 20

Superficial thermal agents

Question 21

Are those that primarily change the temperature of the skin and of superficial subcutaneous tissues. This may also include the shadow tissues in our body, tissues near our skin

Answer 21

Superficial thermal agents

Question 22

Generally penetrates to depths of less than 2cm from the surface of the skin

Answer 22

Superficial thermal agents

Question 23

Use electromagnetic waves such as radio waves, microwaves, and light waves to transport electrical and magnetic energy through space to effect changes in body structures

Answer 23

ELECTROMAGNETIC MODALITIES

Question 23

The application of modalities that cause a tissue temperature rise in deeper tissues (3-4cm below the skin)

Answer 23

Deep thermal agents

Question 24

Literally means “to heat through”

Answer 24

DIATHERMY

Question 25

Involves the use of electromagnetic energy passing through and being absorbed by the body and then converted into heat Form of heat that works by conversion. Targets the deep structures of the body.

Answer 25

DIATHERMY

Question 26

Can increase the temperature of large areas of deep tissue, thus, its use is indicated when one is trying to achieve the clinical benefits of heat in deep structures

Answer 26

DIATHERMY

Question 27

Uses electrotherapeutic currents and waveforms to influence physiological effects on client body structures and functions

Answer 27

ELECTRIC MODALITIES

Question 28

Influence physiologic change in tissues to increase circulation facilitate tissue healing, modify edema, and modulate pain

Answer 28

ELECTRIC MODALITIES

Question 29

Different Electric Modalities:

Answer 29

1. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) 2. Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) 3. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) 4. Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair (ESTR) 5. High-Voltage Pulsed Current stimulation (HVPC)

Question 30

Uses surface electrodes to deliver a pulsed electrical current through the skin to stimulate nerves for controlling and relieving pain.

Answer 30

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

Question 31

Refers to eliciting a muscle contraction with electrical currents

Answer 31

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)

Question 32

Stimulation of innervated muscle to restore muscle function (Applied to clients for clients with peripheral nerve injury)

Answer 32

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES)

Question 33

Activates muscles with electrical stimulation to perform functional activities.

Answer 33

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

Question 34

Uses electrical stimulation for edema reduction, enhancement of circulation, and wound management

Answer 34

Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair (ESTR)

Question 35

A twin-peak, monophasic, pulsed current driven by its characteristically high electromotive force or voltage

Answer 35

High-Voltage Pulsed Current stimulation (HVPC)

Question 36

Refers to therapeutic use of mechanical devices to apply force such as compression, distraction, vibration, or controlled mobilization to modify biomechanical properties and functions of tissues.

Answer 36

MECHANICAL MODALITIES

Question 37

Effects of these mechanical modalities include increased circulation and lymphatic flow or increased tissue and joint mobility

Answer 37

MECHANICAL MODALITIES

Question 38

A mechanical force applied to the body in a way that separates the joint surfaces and elongates surrounding soft tissues.

Answer 38

Mechanical traction

Question 39

A mechanical force that increases external pressure on the body or a body part

Answer 39

External compression