Electronic Structure Flashcards
(21 cards)
Define energy level
An energy level is the fixed energy value that an electron in a atom may have.
Define ground level
It is the lowest energy state (1sr orbital).
Define excited state
It is any higher energy state than ground state.
Define and explain energy sub levels
It is the subdivision of the main energy level and consists of one or more orbitals of the same energy.
State Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to know both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time.
Define and explain atomic radius
It is half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element that are joined together by a single covalent bond.
Define and explain first ionization energy
It is the minimum energy required to completely remove the most loosely bound electron from one mole of neutral gaseous atom in the ground state.
What is the Aufbau principle?
It is when electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first.
State Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
It is when two or more orbitals of equal energy are available, the electrons occupy them singly first before filling them into pairs.
State the Pauli exclusion principle
It is that no more that 2 electrons can occupy an orbital and they must have opposite spins.
What is the SP configuration
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6.
Define the shape of S orbitals
They are spherical.
What is a quantum?
The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom.
Describe the shape of p-orbitals
They are dumbbell-shaped
What are hydrogen discharge bulbs?
They are glass tubes filled with hydrogen gas and an electric current passing through them.
What are energy levels represented with?
N
What is an atomic orbital?
A region of space where you are likely to find an electron
Give examples of the atomic orbitals
- S
- P
- D
- F
What is the Emission Spectrum?
A spectrum of light emitted by an element when electricity is run through it or when it is viewed through a prism.
What is the absorption spectrum?
A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, showing dark lines or bands due to absorption at specific wavelengths.
What is the emission line spectrum?
A series of narrow coloured lines rather than a continuous spectrum.
