Electronic Structure & Atomic Behavior

Question 1

As you move across a period, atomic radius _____

Answer 1

Decreases (Z_eff increase which means more protons in the nucleus which cause a stronger pull causing it to decrease)

Question 2

Second & higher ionization energy

Answer 2

Second ionization energy is the energy required to remove a second outermost electron from a ground state atom

Question 3

Exceptions to electron configurations

Answer 3

Expected: [Ar] 4s²3d⁴

Actual: [Ar] 4s¹3d⁵

Question 4

Amplitude

Answer 4

Wave’s height from zero to the creest

Question 5

Bright Line Spectrum

Answer 5

The characteric light emitted by energertically excited atoms of an element as an electron fall from a higher to lower energy state

Question 6

When atoms abbsorb energy electrons move into _____ energy levels where electrons then lose energy by ________ light when they return to lower energy level

Answer 6

Higher Energy levels, Emitting light

Question 7

Isoelectronic series

Answer 7

Ions have the same number of electrons

Question 8

Ground State

Answer 8

Lowest possible energy level

Question 9

How to you determine which atoms is larger than the other within an isoelectronic series?

Answer 9

The number of protons it has

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

A measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself

Question 11

Atoms with high ionization energy forms _______

Answer 11

Anions

Question 12

When ions are formed, valence electrons are _____ or _______ to establish stability & become ______ with a noble gas

Answer 12

Gained or lost; isoelectronic

Question 13

Cations are _______ their regular atom

Answer 13

Smaller

Question 14

The _______ the electron affinity for an electron, the more energy is released when an electron is added

Answer 14

Larger

Question 15

Wave length

Answer 15

Distance between the crest

Question 16

Ferromagnetism

Answer 16

Occurs when the spins of unpaired electrons in a cluster of atoms in a solid align themselves in the same direction

Question 17

The lower the energy level the more ______ the atom

Answer 17

Stable

Question 18

Diamagnetic

Answer 18

Occur when electrons are paired

Question 19

Photoelectric effect

Answer 19

Occurs when light strikes the surface of a metal & electrons are released

Question 20

Excited State

Answer 20

Higher energy level

Question 21

Atomic Emission Spectrum

Answer 21

The frequencies of light emitted by an element into discrete lines

Question 22

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 22

States no two electrons can have the same set of quantum number (oribitals can only hold two electrons with opposite spins)

Question 23

Octect Rule

Answer 23

States that atoms are most stable when they have a full shell of electrons in the outermost ring

Question 24

Lowest first ionization energy is usually within what group?

Answer 24

Group 1 A

Question 25

As you move across a period, electron affinity \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

Increases

Question 26

Destructive

Answer 26

When two waves are out of phase & cancel out one another out (Produce darkness)

Question 27

As you move across a period, first ionization energy \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

Photons are only ejected when the ________ of the light exceeds a certain thresold value for each particular metal

Answer 28

Frequency

Question 29

Anions are ______ their regualr atom

Answer 29

Larger

Question 30

Uncertaainty Principle

Answer 30

States that cant know the both the location & momentum of an electron at any given time

Question 31

As you move down a group, atomic radius \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 31

Increase

Question 32

Hunds Rule

Answer 32

The lowest energy configuration for an atom is the one having the maximum number of unpaired electrons allowed

Question 33

Electronegativity _____ as you go down a group

Answer 33

Decreases

Question 34

Frequency

Answer 34

Is the number of waves cycles to pass a given point per unit of time (SI unit Hz)

Question 35

Sheilding

Answer 35

Inner electrons at lower energy levels essentially blocks the proton's force of atrraction toward the nucleus

Question 36

Why does ionization energy increase as you move across the period?

Answer 36

It increases because as you move across the period the size decreasesand electrons become closer to the nucleus)

Question 37

Paramagnetism

Answer 37

Occurs when electrons are unpaired

Question 38

Wave length & frequency are _______ to one another

Answer 38

Inversely Proportional

Question 39

Rules for stability

Answer 39

1. Full energy level (Most stable) 2. Full subshell 3. 1/2 filled subshell 4. Full oribital 5. 1/2 filled oribital (least oribital)

Question 40

Electron Affinity

Answer 40

The energy given off when a neutral atom in the gas phase gains an extra electron to form a negatively charged ion

Question 41

The electron affinity becomes more _______ as you move across a period because the Z_eff ________ therefore increasing the attraction for an electron

Answer 41

More negative, Increases

Question 42

Constructive

Answer 42

When two waves are in phase & combine to make a larger wave increase that waves amplitude (Produce light)

Question 43

Highest 1st ionization is usually within what group?

Answer 43

Group 8A

Question 44

Energy & frequency are _______ to one another

Answer 44

Directly Proportional

Question 45

Aufbau Principle

Answer 45

Electrons fill lowest energy oribitals first

Question 46

As you down a group, electron affinity \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

Decreases

Question 47

Energy is ________ proprtional to the frequency of a wave

Answer 47

Dirtecly proportional

Question 48

First Ionization energy

Answer 48

The energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom in the the ground state

Question 49

Electronegativity ______ across a period

Answer 49

Increases

Question 50

Atoms with low ionization energy forms \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 50

Cations

Question 51

As you move down a group, first ionization energy \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 51

Decrease

Question 52

Diffraction

Answer 52

The bending of waves through a narrow, small, opening