The Components of matter

Question 1

Matter is classified into what 3 types?

Answer 1

1. Elements
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

The simpliest types of matter with a unique physicial & chemical properties ( consist of only one kind of atom so can tbe broken by physical or chemical process)

Question 3

Compounds

Answer 3

Consist of two or more different element that are bonded chemically

Question 4

What are the 3 defining features of compounds?

Answer 4

1. The element are present in fixed parts by mass
2. A compund properties are different from the properties of its elements
3. A compound, unlike an element can be broken down into simplier substances ( Its elements) by chemical change

Question 5

Mixtures

Answer 5

Consists of two or more subsatcnes that are physically intermingal

Question 6

Mixtures can be seperated into their componets by ___________ change

Answer 6

Physical change

Question 7

Fraction by mass (mass fraction)

Answer 7

Is the part of the compounds mass that each elements contributes (Divide the mass of each element by the mass of the compound)

Question 8

Percent by mass (Mass %)

Answer 8

Is the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage

Question 9

Daltons Postulates

Answer 9

1. All matter consist of atoms (Mass conservation law)
2. Atoms of one element cant be converted into atoms of another element (Mass conservation law)
3. Atoms of an element are identical in mass & other properties & are different from atoms of any other elements
4. Compounds results from the chemical combination of a specific ratio of atoms of different elements (Definite composition law)

Question 10

Atoms are ________ , spherical shape that composed of positively charged nuclues thats surrounded by electrons

Answer 10

Neutral

Question 11

Thee nucleus consist of ________ & ________

Answer 11

Protons & Nuetrons

Question 12

Atoms have the same number of ________ & _______

Answer 12

Protons & eletrons

Question 13

The atomic number

Answer 13

Represents the number of protons in the nuclues

Question 14

Mass number

Answer 14

Represents the total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Are elements that have the same atomic number & different atomic mass (Therefore have a different number of neutrons, but have identical chemical behavior)

Question 16

The Isotopic composition of an element is determined by _________

Answer 16

Mass spectrometry

Question 17

Mass Spectrometry

Answer 17

Measures the relative mass & abundance of atomic scale particles very precisiely

Question 18

The atomic - mass interval

Answer 18

Used for 10 elements with exceptionally large variations in isotopic composition

Question 19

What are the 10 elements in the atomic - mass interval ?

Answer 19

1. Hydrogen (H)
2. Lithium (Li)
3. Boron (B)
4. Carbon (C)
5. Nitrogen (N)
6. Oxygen (O)
7. Silicon (Si)
8. Sulfur (S)
9. Chlorine (Cl)
10. Thallium (Th)

Question 20

If the isotopic compostion of hydrogen is given the interval [1.00784; 1.00811] what does this mean?

Answer 20

Means that the mass of hydrogen is between 1.00784 & 1.00811

Question 21

Natural Law Theory

Answer 21

That the morally right action is the one that follows the dicates of nature (Morally right