ELECTRONS AND BONDING Flashcards

1
Q

As the shell number increases, the energy…

A

also increases

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2
Q

What is meant by the principle quantum number

A

The shell number

n

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3
Q

What is the atomic orbital?

A

The region around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins

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4
Q

What shape is a S orbital?

A

Spherical

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5
Q

What shape is a P orbital?

A

Dumbell

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6
Q

What do two electrons in the same orbital do?

A

Have opposite spins

repulsion

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7
Q

Why is the 4s subshell filled before the 3d subshell?

A

4s subshell at a lower energy that 3s
So it is filled first

Once filled, energy 3d falls below 4s
So it empties before

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8
Q

What is meant by ionic bonding

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

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9
Q

The melting point of ionic compounds

A

High melting and boiling point

High temp needed to provide large quantity of energy which is needed to overcome strong electrostatic attraction between the ions

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10
Q

Why is the melting point higher for lattices with greater charge on the ions?

A

Because of stronger attraction between ions

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11
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble?

A

Many dissolve in polar solvents e.g. water

They break down the lattice + surround each ion in solution.

If made of ions with strong charges, attraction too strong to be broken down

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12
Q

What does the solubility of ionic compounds depend on?

A

Solubility depends on relative strengths attractions within lattice and the attraction between ions and water molecules

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13
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid state?

A

No
Ions in fixed position
No mobile charge carriers so doesn’t conduct electricity

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14
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity in a liquid / molten state?

A

Yes
Solid lattice breaks down
So ions are free to move as mobile charge carriers, so can conduct electricity

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15
Q

Ions in tooth enamel

A

Ions in tooth enamel are removed in acid conditions.

Gaps can allow toothy decay to develop

Saliva helps neutralize acidic food and replace ions but not always enough so toothpaste contains fluoride ions.

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16
Q

What is Covalent bonding

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electron and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

17
Q

What is a double covalent bond?

A

Electrostatic attraction is between 2 shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the bonding atoms

e.g.O2 or CO2

18
Q

What is a triple covalent bond?

A

Electrostatic attraction is between 3 shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the bonding atoms

19
Q

What is another name for a dative bond?

A

A coordinate bond

20
Q

What is a dative / coordinate bond

A

Covalent bond in which shared pairs of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only

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