electrotherapy

Question 1

indications

Answer 1

pain control

strengthening of muscles

promote tissue repair

deliver meds

urinary dysfunction

edema management

Question 2

contraindications

Answer 2

pacemakers or implanted stimulators

over infections

metal implants

nerve sensitivity

epilepsy

thrombus/thrombophlebitis

over carotid sinus

electronic monitoring systems

Question 3

precautions

Answer 3

pregnancy

cancerous lesions

altered mental status

abnormal sensation

irritated area

thoracic region

over reproductive organs

Question 4

electrode placement

Answer 4

sensory –> close together

motor –> further apart

Question 5

electrode size

Answer 5

small –> small areas

large –> large areas

Question 6

what does using one small and one large electrode do

Answer 6

help intensify the stimulation under the small electrode

Question 7

parameters

Answer 7

amplitude

pulse duration

frequency

duty cycle

ramp time

Question 8

amplitude

Answer 8

the intensity

current flow delivered to electrodes measured in milliamps

Question 9

pulse duration

Answer 9

time it takes one pulse to complete its cyccle

Question 10

frequency

Answer 10

pulses per second or the pulse rate

Question 11

duty cycle

Answer 11

used w/ NMES for motor response

refers to the pattern of on and off sequencing

can be equated by the percentage of time on divided by the sum on the one and off time

Question 12

ramp time

Answer 12

period of time during which the amplitude of the stimulus is gradually increased (ramp up) or decreased (ramp down)

allows pt to accommodate to the increase in the intensity

Question 13

ramp up

Answer 13

prevent a sudden violent contraction that would be painful and potentially damaging

Question 14

ramp down

Answer 14

has little impact on comfort and no impact on treatment safety

Question 15

types of contraction

Answer 15

DC

AC

Question 16

DC current

Answer 16

characterized as steady, continuous, unidirectional flow of electrons

Question 17

indications of DC

Answer 17

administer meds via iontophoresis

wound healing

stimulating denervated muscles

Question 18

stimulation to denervated muscles –> DC

Answer 18

the muscle itself is being stimulated and the muscle membrane depolarizes

–> this requires posterization to depolarize the muscle of 10 milliseconds or longer

contractile properties of muscle are maintained while awaiting reinnervation which prevents atrophy

a combo does no occur

Question 19

NMES for strengthening –> amplitude

Answer 19

strong motor within pts tolerance

Question 20

NMES for strengthening –> pulse duration

Answer 20

continuous

but stim can be interrupted every 500 milliseconds

start w/ 500 and decrease 500, 100, 10

Question 21

NMES for strengthening –> treatment duration

Answer 21

10-15 contractions

1-3x daily

start with few denervation is new

Question 22

NMES for strengthening –> time

Answer 22

15 contractions

Question 23

AC

Answer 23

continuous flow of electrons that changes direction

2 terminals alternatively change from positive to negative

Question 24

AC indications

Answer 24

muscle strengthening of innervated muscles

pain modulation

edema control

Question 25

AC characteristics

Answer 25

sinusiodal waveform

Question 26

neurophysiological response AC

Answer 26

sensory response motor response

Question 27

sensory response --> AC

Answer 27

pain modulation

Question 28

motor response --> AC

Answer 28

tetany for muscle strengthening via NMES sub tetany for pain modulation and chronic edema

Question 29

pulsatile

Answer 29

aka russian inter pulse intervals resulting in noncontinuous current monophasic biphasic polyphasic pulsed monophasic pulsed biphasic pulsed polyphasic

Question 30

pulsed monophasic

Answer 30

can be unidirectional looks like DC but is shortter and duration has interruptions less strength than DC

Question 31

pulsed biphasic

Answer 31

two phase bidirectional wave has one negative and one positive phase similar to AC and that the electrodes change polarity

Question 32

polyphasic pulsed

Answer 32

bidirectional wave with 3 or more phases in bursts

Question 33

NMES for strengthening parameters --> polyphasic pulsed

Answer 33

amplitude --> strong motor burst duration --> 10 milliseconds, very high burst frequency --> 50, high duty cycle --> start at 1:5 and progress to 1:1 with on time up to 10 seconds time: 10-15 contractions, 3-5 times a week ramp time--> 3-5 seconds

Question 34

strength duration curve

Answer 34

displays the amount of electrical current required to produce an action potential motor need the most electrical current

Question 35

nerves

Answer 35

the larger the fiber and the more superficial --> more easily it can be to stimulate large sensory fibers are more excitable than motor fibers, which are more excitable than pain fibers type A, B, C fibers

Question 36

type a fibers

Answer 36

large diameter conduct APs most rapidly can be sensory and motor

Question 37

type b fibers

Answer 37

medium diameter autonomic motor nerves

Question 38

type c fibers

Answer 38

smallest and slowest sensory nerves

Question 39

adaptation

Answer 39

nerve cell will not generate an AP after a period of time --> no longer responding to electrical current in order to stop adaptation --> increase intensity or modulation