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PTI II part 2 > Laser > Flashcards

Laser Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

indications for laser therapy

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

neck and shoulder musculoskeletal pain

wound healing

musculoskeletal conditions

trigger points

inflammatory conditions

acute and chronic pain

chronic joint disorders

neuralgia

diabetic neuropathy

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2
Q

benefits of laser therapy

A

increase circulation

relief of minor muscle and joint aches

relief of pain and stiffness (associated with arthritis)

muscle spasms

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3
Q

contraindications for LLLT

A

no significant adverse effects

cancer

direct irradiation to eyes

photophobia (sensitivity to light)

photosensitizing medication

direct irradiation over fetus or uterus during pregnancy

direct irradiation over thyroid gland

symptoms of unknown cause

over hemorrhaging lesions or epiphyseal plates

transplant or autoimmune suppressed pts

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4
Q

LASER acronym

A

light (photons)

amplification by

stimulated

emission of

radiation

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5
Q

physiological effects of LLLT

A

light absorption

absorption in mitochondria

increased ATP synthesis

increased protein synthesis and cell proliferation

tissue repair and pain control

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6
Q

classification of lasers

A

class 1

class 2

class 3a

class 3b

class 4

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7
Q

class 1

A

power very low <0.5 mW

later printers

CD players

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8
Q

class 2

A

low <1 mW

diffuse output

grocery scanner

laser pointer

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9
Q

class 3a

A

power <5 mW (low)

laser pointer

very low power LLLT devices

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10
Q

class 3b

A

power <500 mW (medium power)

LLLT

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11
Q

class 4

A

high power >500 mW

surgical lasers

industrial lasers

LCT 1000 laser therapy

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12
Q

which laser classification is visible

A

3b

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13
Q

history maiman

A

used ruby crystal as the amplifying medium w/in lasing

ruby emits red light (visible)

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14
Q

history endre mester

A

used ruby laser to destroy tumors in lab rats

believed to be high power tissue destroying laser

healed surgical incisions faster

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15
Q

mester’s early work

A

changed his research agenda to tissue healing applications of laser

showed fast healing of…

experimental skin defects

diabetic skin ulcers

venous insufficiency

bedsores

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16
Q

production of therapeutic light

A

pumping of atoms inside a tube causes electrons causing them

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17
Q

laser radiation characteristics

A

monochromatic

coherent

collimated

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18
Q

monochromatic

A

one color

one frequency

one wavelength

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19
Q

coherent

A

all waves are in phase

light waves match identically in timing and spacing

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20
Q

collimated

A

light (photons) is focused w/ almost no divergence

remains well focused as it moves thru tissue

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21
Q

parameters

A

wavelength

power

continuous of pulsed

energy density

treatment duration

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22
Q

wavelength

A

measured in nanometers

distance b/w 2 peaks of a wave

lambda is the symbol

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23
Q

what wavelengths are used in rehab

A

600-1000

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24
Q

what wavelengths penetrate deeper

A

longer

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25
which is longer, infrared or red wavelengths
infrared
26
short wavelengths
visible red superficial target tissue
27
approx short wave lengths
620-695 nm
28
HeNe short wavelength
633 nm
29
ruby short wavelength
695 nm
30
penetration of short wavelength
3-4 nm
31
when is short wavelengths used
skin wounds trigger points LED
32
longer wavelengths (infrared)
gallium aluminum arsenide (GaAIAs) classified as diode lasers
33
infrared wavelength
760-1000 nm
34
ratio of gallium and aluminum
varies to create devices of different wavelengths
35
deeper penetration of infrared
30-40 nm
36
examples of infrared
SLD laser
37
depth of penetration from low to high
LED --> .5 cm SLD --> 2.5 nm Laser --> 5 cm
38
light sources
low level laser therapy super luminous diode light emitting diode cluster probes (combos)
39
low level laser therapy
laser diode collimated light (very focused) monochromatic coherent
40
approx wavelength for low level laser therapy
760-1000 nm penetrate deeper
41
super luminous diode (SLD)
non-coherent indicated for treatment of superficial tissue
42
how do SLDs resemble laser
produce monochromatic collimated light less focused
43
approx wavelength for SLD
660-880 nm depth of penetration is less diode but typically greater than LEDs
44
light emitting diode (LED)
non-collimated (significantly less focused) non-coherent indicated for treatment of very superficial tissue
45
approx wavelength for LED
620-690 nm minimal penetration (several mm)
46
cluster proves (combos)
laser diodes can be combined w/ SLDs and LEDs to form a diode cluster important to know what the cluster is compromised of
47
when are cluster probes indicated
treating larger areas
48
power
measured in milliwatts (mW) usually preset in the device
49
LLLT uses power...
less than 500 mW
50
higher power levels
in new generation devices decrease necessary time enhance penetration
51
how can power decrease
by pulsing
52
power density
measured in W/cm2 or mW/cm2 described the average power per unit area of the beam area of the beat is fixed unit or measurement used in ultrasound therapy
53
energy
measured in joules (J) 1J = 1 Watt x sec
54
when you increase power (mW)
decrease treatment time
55
50 mW 80 sec
4 joules delivered
56
100 mW 40 sec
40 joules delivered
57
500 mW 8 sec
4 joules delivered
58
energy density
measure in joules/cm2 describes energy delivered per unit area "amount of energy falling on a surface"
59
optimal dose of energy
response relationships for different tissues and conditions continues to be studied
60
acceleration of healing energy density
doses in the range of 1.0-6.0 J/cm2
61
consideration for increasing depth of penetration
longer wavelengths highly collimated beam (laser not SLD/LED) increase power
62
clinical implications LLLT devices w/ longer wavelengths w/ higher power (mW)
deeper muscles tendons ligaments
63
clinical implications --> depth of penetration can be enhanced using
longer wavelengths (infrared) greater power (mW) collimated beam (laser not SLD/LED)
64
application technique
clean skin w/ alc prior to treatment no coupling media is used stationary technique maintaining firm direct contact w/ intact skin to increase depth of penetration protective eyewear
65
delivering the treatment
choose a dosage (J/cm) based on best available evidence device will automatically calculate the treatment time choose either to leave the device on continuous or select a specific pulse frequency (Hz) if available press start
66
delivering treatment pt 2
place applicator in firm contact w/ pts skin and press button on applicator to administer treatment treat area under with probe with the number of seconds/minutes indicated repeat procedure for every area being treated depending on the size of the target area, multiple applications may be necessary to cover all the symptomatic area

PTI II part 2 (9 decks)

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