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S2 Chemistry > Elements, Compounds and Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Elements, Compounds and Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

Matter is made up of atoms arranged in different ways (eg. solids, liquids and gases)

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2
Q

How many elements are in the Periodic Table?

A

118 elements.

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made from one type of atom (eg. a lump of gold is made entirely up of gold atoms). Elements make up every single substance on our planet, be it a solid, liquid or gas.

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4
Q

Which elements are liquid at room temperature?

A

Mercury (Hg) and Bromine (Br)

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5
Q

What is a period?

A

A period is a horizontal row

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6
Q

What is a group?

A

A group is a vertical column.

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7
Q

What are the groups called?

A

Group 1 - the Alkali Metals
Group 2 - the Alkaline Earth Metals
Between Groups 2 + 3 - the Transition Metals
Group 7 - the Halogens
Group 8/0 - the Noble Gases

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8
Q

How do you write a chemical symbol?

A

If it has one letter, you write the letter as a capital (eg. O - Oxygen)

If it has two letters, then the first letter is a capital, the other a lower-case (eg. Au - Gold)

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9
Q

Where can metals be found in the periodic table?

A

Left hand side

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10
Q

How can metals be identified?

A

They conduct electricity and heat, are shiny and solid at room temperature (except Hg - mercury)

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11
Q

What is formed when elements react and combine?

A

A compound

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12
Q

How are compounds different from elements?

A

They have different properties

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13
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ide?

A

It contains two elements.

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14
Q

What does it mean if a compound ends in -ate or -ite?

A

It contains three elements, one of which is oxygen.

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15
Q

Which elements are present in sodium chlorate/ite?

A

Sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl) and oxygen (O)

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16
Q

How do you name a compound with two elements?

A

The element farthest left in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and it’s name ends in -IDE.

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17
Q

How do you name a compound with three elements?

A

The element farthest left is in the periodic table is written first. The element to the right is written second and oxygen goes at the end as -ITE or -ATE.

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18
Q

Physical changes include:

A

Melting, evaporating, subliming, condensing, freezing.

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19
Q

The 4 signs of a chemical change are:

A

Gas produced/effervescence/fizzing, temperature change, precipitate formed, colour change.

20
Q

What ALWAYS happens during a chemical change?

A

A new substance is made.

21
Q

What best describes ‘a precipitate’?

A

A solid formed from reacting liquids.

22
Q

What is ‘ice melting’ an example of?

A

A physical change.

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT evidence of a chemical change?

a. water boiling
b. boiling an egg
c. iron rusting
d. magnesium reacting with oxygen to create magnesium oxide

A

A - water boiling.

24
Q

True or False: physical changes can be easily reversed.

A

True.

25
Q

True or False: chemical changes are difficult to reverse.

A

True.

26
Q

Which elements are very unreactive?

A

The Noble Gases (Group 8/0)

27
Q

What elements are highly reactive with water?

A

The Alkali Metals - Group 1

28
Q

How are Alkali Metals stored?

A

They are stored under oil.

29
Q

What gas is formed when an Alkali Metal reacts with water?

A

Hydrogen (H)

30
Q

Which non-metal is able to conduct electricity?

A

Carbon (C) in the form of graphite

31
Q

Give 3 examples of substances/objects that undergo physical changes

A

Dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide) to carbon dioxide in gas form (sublimation)

Ice (solid water) to liquid water (melting)

Water vapour to liquid water (condensation)

32
Q

What are the symbols of elements in magnesium iodite?

A

Mg, I, O

33
Q

What would the compound be if Lithium and Bromine bonded together?

A

Lithium bromide

34
Q

What is the difference between chemical and physical changes?

A

In a chemical change, a new substance is formed. In a physical change, no new substance is formed.

35
Q

What are examples of mixtures?

A

Sea water, diluting juice, coke

36
Q

What elements are in calcium carbonate?

A

Calcium (Ca), carbon (C) and oxygen (O).

37
Q

True or False: an atom is the biggest particle of matter.

A

False: an atom is the SMALLEST particle of matter.

38
Q

How is iron rusting a chemical change?

A

A new substance is formed, it is irreversible and changes colour from shiny and silvery to reddish-brown.

39
Q

What are the ferromagnetic metals?

A

Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni).

40
Q

Is water an element?

A

No, water is made with both hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).

41
Q

What’s the easiest way to tell apart a metal from a non-metal?

A

The easiest way to tell apart metals from non-metals are their ability to conduct electricity and heat

42
Q

Give three examples of compounds:

A

Water, table salt and aspirin.

43
Q

What is a compound?

A

A compound is two, or more, different substances chemically bonded together.

44
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is two, or more, different substances NOT chemically bonded together.

45
Q

What’s the difference between heating and burning a chemical?

A

Heating doesn’t involve oxygen but burning means to react with oxygen,

S2 Chemistry (4 decks)

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