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S2 Chemistry > MT 3 > Flashcards

MT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Crude oil and natural gas contain mainly…

A

Hydrocarbons.

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons contain…

A

Hydrogen and Carbon only, chemically bonded together.

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3
Q

How does fractional distillation separate hydrocarbons?

A

By their different boiling points.

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4
Q

The relationship between hydrocarbon size and boiling point is…

A

The bigger molecule, the higher the boiling point.

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5
Q

What is a fraction?

A

A small group of hydrocarbons with boiling points within a similar range.

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6
Q

The list of fractions, in order of increasing boiling point is…

A

Refinery gas, petrol, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen (residue).

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7
Q

Give a use for Refinery Gas.

A

Fuel for cooking.

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8
Q

Give a use for petrol.

A

Fuel for cars with petrol engines

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9
Q

Give a use for naphtha.

A

Chemicals for medicines, plastics, dyes, etc.

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10
Q

Give a use for kerosene.

A

Fuel for planes/jet fuel

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11
Q

Give a use for diesel.

A

Fuel for engines in trucks, trains, boats, barges and cars with diesel engines

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12
Q

Give a use for fuel oil.

A

Fuel for ships. It can also be used for lubrication and heating homes

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13
Q

Give a use for bitumen (residue).

A

Used to make tarmac, roofing and also waterproofing

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14
Q

What’s the relation between boiling point and flammability (in terms of fractional distillation)?

A

The lower the boiling point, the higher the flammability.

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15
Q

What’s the relationship between boiling point and viscosity (in terms of fractional distillation)?

A

The lower the boiling point, the less the viscosity.

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16
Q

When fossil fuels burn, what can the products cause?

A

Global warming and acid rain.

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17
Q

How is carbon monoxide produced?

A

Due to a lack of oxygen (incomplete combustion)

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18
Q

What’s the problem with carbon monoxide?

A

It’s toxic.

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19
Q

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides create what?

A

Acid rain.

20
Q

What are the effects of acid rain?

A

Acid rain kills fish in rivers, erodes buildings and destroys plant life.

21
Q

Harmful gases can be converted into less harmful gases using…

A

A catalytic converter.

22
Q

What’s the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

23
Q

Why are carbohydrates important in our diet?

A

They give us energy.

24
Q

When carbohydrates burn they produce…

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) (+ energy).

25
Q

Which elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

26
Q

What is alcohol made from?

A

Sugar.

27
Q

What is the process of making alcohol called?

A

Fermentation.

28
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation?

A

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (yeast at the top of the arrow as a catalyst).

29
Q

Why is yeast used in fermentation and why is it not in the word equation?

A

Yeast contains an enzyme which is a biological catalyst that speeds up reactions. It is neither a reactant or product

30
Q

What is distillation used for in the drinks industry?

A

Used to concentrate alcohol to increase the percentage

31
Q

True or False: Does petrol contain hydrocarbons?

A

True.

32
Q

What’s the word equation for when petrol burns?

A

petrol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (and other gases).

33
Q

When something burns in oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, what is this called?

A

Complete combustion.

34
Q

How is sulfur dioxide produced?

A

From some fossil fuels burning.

35
Q

Write the word equation for sulfur dioxide.

A

sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide.

36
Q

How is nitrogen oxide produced?

A

From the sparking of air in a petrol car engine.

37
Q

Write the word equation for nitrogen oxide.

A

nitrogen + oxygen → nitrogen oxide.

38
Q

How do sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides make acid rain.

A

They dissolve in rain clouds.

39
Q

Give three examples of carbohydrates.

A

Examples include:

Sugars (ex. glucose)
Starch
Bread (contains carbohydrates).

40
Q

Write the word equation for respiration.

A

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.
(eating) (breathing (breathing out) (sweat/urine)
air)

41
Q

What can we do to reduce pollution from burning fossil fuels (in cars)?

A

Use catalytic converters
Low sulphur petrol
Lean-burn engines
Drive electric

42
Q

What do plants make?

A

Carbohydrates

43
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic reaction

44
Q

Why are carbohydrates important?

A

They give us energy

45
Q

What can alcohol be made from?

A

Any fruit, vegetable or plant source which has starch or sugars

46
Q

What does the type of alcoholic drink vary by?

A

The plant source of the carbohydrate

S2 Chemistry (4 decks)

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