eliza Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
rich houses
A
- influenced by renaissance
- long gallery
- expensive art, tapestries, intricate chimneys
2
Q
rich men
A
- gentry bought land /established estates
- nobility started to be seen as a threat
- gentry took part in trade, exploration etc
- many of Elizabeth’s trusted advisors were gentry
3
Q
beggar man
A
- if found in another village, they were sent back to their village
- tried to get money by pretending they were disabled
- beggars were “whipped until bloody”
- poverty increased due to rising prices, dissolution of the monasteries, enclosure, growing population, bad harvests, war
4
Q
poor laws
A
1601
- collected poor rate
- provided money for ill and elderly
- provided jobs for orphans
- provided workhouses
- punished persistent beggars with prison/hanging
5
Q
playwrights
A
- affordable entertainment
- playwrights didn’t earn much
- pickpockets picked pockets
- fruit thrown at actors
- sound effects came from “heavens”
- “hut” used for storage
- expected to queue to get in
- entrance cost one penny - allowed you to stand in uncovered area
- people talked throughout the play
- apples, nuts and beer sold
6
Q
Hawkins
A
- 1564: traded slaves
- 1568: designed new ships for navy
- 1588: commander
7
Q
drake
A
-1572: attacked Spanish ships, stealing £40,000
- 1577-80: circumnavigated world
- stole £400,000 of Spanish gold
- knighted by Elizabeth
8
Q
raleigh
A
- 1585: tried to set up a colony in America — set up smaller settlement which he believed contained oil, wine, sugar, flax
- 1595: went to find mythical el dorado
9
Q
Hardwick Hall - culture
A
- long gallery
- tapestries
- art- portraits
- 6 stools from France
- design inspired from Italy and Netherlands
- coats of arms
10
Q
Hardwick Hall - status, class, power
A
- nobility seen as a threat
- Elizabeth promoted gentry
- gentry bought land, made money through trade
- upstairs rooms for those in power
- broad roofs, made of lead, sloping
- large stone staircase - provided ceremonial route
11
Q
Hardwick Hall - values, beliefs
A
- servants on the bottom, then bess and her family, then important visitors on the top– reflects great chain of being
- symmetrical– represents order
- portraits of queen = loyalty
12
Q
Hardwick Hall - fashion
A
- long galleries rather than banquet halls
- Italian and Dutch influences- Flemish tapestries and glass
- tapestries, art and other ways to show off wealth
- loggia
- fabrics such as velvet
13
Q
Hardwick Hall - wealth and prosperity
A
- “Hardwick hall more glass than wall” - shows off connections and wealth
- Bess’s initials on top of tower
- covered area- loggia7
- intricate chimney stacks
- mullioned windows
- rooms had their own fireplaces
14
Q
Hardwick Hall - peace and stability
A
- large, pretty, symmetrical gardens, rather than primarily being for protection
- gatehouses not used for protection but to catch glimpses of houses
15
Q
When was the religious settlement?
A
1559
16
Q
catholic views
A
- pope has final say
- priests couldn’t marry
- priests were people’s link to God
17
Q
catholic aspects of religious settlement
A
- communion tables had crosses/candles
- music allowed
- priests wore traditional clothes
18
Q
protestant aspects of religious settlement
A
- clergy could marry
- alters replaced with communion tables
- Bibles in English
19
Q
protestant views
A
- Monarch had final say
- Priests could marry
- Anyone could pray to God
20
Q
northern rebellion
A
1569
- Duke of Norfolk resented Cecil’s power
- planned to marry Mary and set her up as Elizabeth’s heir
- worked with Dudley, but he confessed the plan to Elizabeth
- Norfolk fled and was later imprisoned
- 9th Nov- bells rang, calling people to rebel
consequence-
- Elizabeth strengthened control by reorganising council of the north
- Norfolk imprisoned
21
Q
treason act
A
1571
death penalty to anyone denying Elizabeth’s rights in church or plotting against her
22
Q
papal bull
A
Pope called Elizabeth heretic (against God) - wanted her killed
23
Q
bond of association
A
1583
Nobles had to swear their allegiance to Elizabeth
24
Q
puritans
A
- disagreed with priests clothing
- didn’t believe in hierarchy
1576: Edmund Grindal set as Archbishop of Canterbury - let Puritans have meetings, this enraged Elizabeth
1580: Robert Browne set up separate church- followers named themselves Brownists
1583: William Stubbs had his hand cut off as punishment for writing a leaflet against Elizabeth
1593: Law passed which allowed government to hang suspected Brownists
25
mary queen of scots
1567- fled to england when her husband died
- involved in numerous plans to kill Elizabeth
1587- executed
26
why armada failed
- fire ships worked
- guns and tactics effective
- Elizabeth's speech gave troops confidence
- Spanish lacked experience
- weather- Spanish couldn't return home past channel due to strong winds
27
armada events
plan: invade Britain by sailing up channel and meet with spanish army led by Parma
In 1587- Drake burned 24 ships and supplies, giving England more time to prepare
88-
-Medina Sidonia sealed sailors and ships- some were not ready, so supplies lost and conditions worsened due to storms and poor weather
- sailed in defensive crescent
-English started attacking at Isle of Wight- making Spain use up ammunition
- Armada then arrive, but Parma not there. English launch attack at Gravelines
- 9th august- Elizabeth's famous Tilsbury speech
28
causes of armada
- split religions
- piracy- trade rivals
- singeing of the king's beard- Drake sank 30 vessels, looted supplies, set fire to Spain's ports
- 1566- Dutch rebellion- Elizabeth supported the protestant uprising
29
ridolfi plot
1571
tried to make England catholic by replacing Elizabeth with Mary. uncovered by Walsingham.
30
throckmorton plot
- 1583
aimed to land french catholic army to kill Elizabeth, backed by Pope and Spain. Uncovered by Walsingham
31
babington plot
1586
Walsingham uncovered letters written between Mary and Anthony Babington
32
patronage
- made people loyal to her
- Elizabeth used this to get people to do what she wanted
- court consisted of 1000
- only called parliament 13 times
33
progresses
- was literally carried around by nobles
- visited nobility
- always had multiple opinions
- limited rights- peter Wentworth imprisoned for arguing right to speak
34
dudley
- childhood friend
- couldn't marry after his wife died suspiciously
- married Elizabeth's cousin in 1578
35
philip of spain
- Mary I's widow
- Catholic
- risk of rebellions
36
charles of austria
- Catholic
- unwilling to live in England
- was initially a genuine option
37
Francis, Duke of Anjou
- Catholic
- 20 years younger than Elizabeth
- divided Privy council on whether he should marry Elizabeth or not
38
essex rebellion
1601
- 1590s- Elizabeth's trusted advisors died
- Cecil rose in power, which angered Essex who had annoyed the Queen by marrying without her permission, and insulting her (which she responded by punching him)
- 1598- Essex given another chance, but went against Elizabeth's orders and burst into her bedchamber, making him lose his sweet wine monopoly and banning him from court
- he gathered 3000 supporters and tried to march to London to capture the queen, but overestimated his strength and had to surrender
- executed in February 1601
39
rainbow portrait
1600
- flowers= youth
- snakes = wisdom
- rainbow = peace
- sun like = peace
1588- shown as queen of the universe
speech at tilbury "heart and stomach of a king"
40
privy council
- advisors could make suggestions but Elizabeth had final say
- Walsingham- her spy master- decoded letters from Mary
- Cecil- intelligent, had Elizabeth's full trust
- Dudley- responsible for keeping Elizabeth's safety
- small council, appointed by Elizabeth
