GERMANY

Question 1

impact of depression (and year)

Answer 1

1929-1933

• nazis promised support to all groups
• weimar didn’t handle despression well
• lots of unemployment
• businesses closed
• Nazis wanted to destroy treaty

Question 2

nazi metohds to increase support

Answer 2

• visited rallies
• radio broadcasts
• hitler’s oracy
• SA attacked communists
• made promises to everyone
• flexible- if an idea wasnt popular then they changed it

Question 3

right wing deal

Answer 3

• hindenburg made von PAPEN chancellor, despite Nazis high percentage in reichstag
• Hindenburg didn’t like Hitler
• Von SCHLEICHER then made chancellor– he was unpopular
  -Von PAPEN then persuaded Hindenburg to make Hitler chancellor due to risk of civil war and assured him nazis couldnt gain too much power

Question 4

when was hitler made chancellor

Answer 4

jan 1933

Question 5

reichstag fire (inc when)

Answer 5

feb 1933

-Van de Lubbe (Dutch communist) blamed
- apparent proof of communists planning against hitler
- hitler persuaded hindenburg to pass another decree which suspended freedom of speech
- police could detain people without trial

Question 6

removing socialist threat (inc when)

Answer 6

• march 1933
• enabling act: hitler could pass laws without agreement
• other party leaders arrested/killed

Question 7

removing army threat- (inc when)

Answer 7

• night of the long knives, july 1934
• rohm: threat, leader of SA
• Army didn’t like the SA’s rise to power or brutality
• SA leaders taken to Munich and shot

Question 8

Treaty

Answer 8

• 6.6 billion in reparations
• lost 13% of land
• army cut down to 100,000
• had to take full blame

Question 9

spartakist putsch

Answer 9

1919

• communists
• went on strikes, built barricades
• Freikorps- unemployed ex-soldiers in charge of stopping putsch
• one leader hung on a lamppost, other torn apart

Question 10

Kapp putsch

Answer 10

1920

-nationalist
-army, angry at weimar for signing treaty
- marched to berlin
- non violent- workers made to block roads and railways

Question 11

munich putsch

Answer 11

1923

• nazis
• some killed
• Nazis seeked support from Kahr, who agreed
• unattended politicians told police, who then showed up
• hitler arrested, but given shortest penalty due to impressive public speaking skills

Question 12

ruhr crisis

Answer 12

1923

• rich industrial region
• occupied by french who wanted reparations paid
• passive resistance from germans
• increased loss of money
• governement responded by printing more money

Question 13

hyperinflation

Answer 13

1923

-excessive money
- debts paid off quickly
- prices rose incredibly quickly
- money carried in suitcases

Question 14

dawes plan

Answer 14

1924

US lent 800 million marks
this created jobs and helped economy recover, tho unemployment still doubled

Question 15

Lorcano pact

Answer 15

1925

Britain, Germany, Belgium, France agreed not to fight

and in 1926 Germany joined the league of nations, improving their reputation abroad

Question 16

young plan

Answer 16

1929

reduced total reparations
gave them until 1988 to pay

Question 17

gestapo and SS

Answer 17

Gestapo- state secret police under Himmler
- spied on those against Nazis

SS- Himmler built it up to be a force of 50,000 Aryan “supermen”
- ruthless, loyal to hitler
- blackshirts
- terrorised and intimidated germans

Question 18

youth groups

Answer 18

hitler youth
- played games to form community and get fit
- 1936- COMPULSORY
-indoctrinated, encouraged to spy on their parents

League of German maidens-
- learnt domestic skills

• treated to be loyal and obedient to hitler

Question 19

education

Answer 19

boys- maths, sports, history, geography, biology

girls- domestic sciences (frauenschaffen) , race theory

Teachers had to be Nazi

Question 20

women

Answer 20

• medals for having babies
• every child they had reduced their mortgage by 25%
• made to look after home and family
• appearence: Aryan, plain clothes, not allowed makeup, or to smoke in public
• had to dress, look and be a certain way
• needed to increase population so germany would become “great”
• worked during war, for poor wages
• 1943: 3 million called up to work, only 1 mil took up jobs

Question 21

economic policies

Answer 21

AIMS- reduce unemployment, self-reliancy, efficient, win a war

New plan-
- RAD- 6 months compulsory labour for men 19-25
- DAF- replaced trade unions
- RAD and DAF employed workers on motorways, olympic stadium etc
- strength through joy arranged holidays and entertainment for workers

Four year plan:
- autarky - self-sufficient economy
- plane factories
- governement- owned industries
- conscription (1935)- men over 18 were conscripted

Question 22

religious individuals names

Answer 22

Bonhoeffer, Niemoler, Galen, Schneider

Question 23

bonhoeffer

Answer 23

• priest who taught other young priests
• believed in Christian’s duty to help others (inc. Jews)
• involved in plans to kill hitler
• 1937- banned from preaching
• killed in 1945 in a concentration camp which he continued to preach in when sent there

Question 24

niemoller

Answer 24

• set up “confessional church”
• Highlighted the worst of the Nazis actions
• in a concentration camp 1938-45
• freed by US soldiers

Question 25

galen

Answer 25

- 1941- revealed that Nazis were killing - led a campaign, and publicly attacked Nazi policies - Not killed as Nazis didn't want him to be made a martyr

Question 26

schneider

Answer 26

- publicly criticised nazis - didnt follow rules of concentration camp- continued preaching the bible - sent to concentration camp in 1937 and killed there

Question 27

army - opponents

Answer 27

- july bomb plot 1944 - army fed up with losing war so began to oppose hitler - von stauffenburg (ex soldier) planned to put a bomb in hitler's briefcase and take control of berlin - brought a bomb to hitler's conference in 1943 but hitler then decided to spend christmas elsewhere

Question 28

swing youth

Answer 28

- liked jazz - wore clothes influenced by British/american styles - did opposite to Hitler - Arrested and punished, many sent to concentration camps

Question 29

edelweiss

Answer 29

- 1942- 700 members arrested 1944- 12 members publicly hung in Cologne - made up of smaller groups - played music - wanted to beat up hitler youth

Question 30

white rose

Answer 30

- Sophie Scholl arrested and tortured then executed - leaflets which attacked nazis - wanted germany to lose the war so hitler could be stopped

Question 31

minorities

Answer 31

- signs on doors made sure Jews couldn't enter - 1935- marriages between Germans and gypsies banned - 1936- minority groups sent to concentration camps - 1939- mentally ill secretly exterminated

Question 32

control of Churches

Answer 32

- methods: make deals with Churches, set up a new church and punish religious individuals who were against them - Make deals: Catholic Churches signed a concordat in 1933, which said that Churches and Nazis would stay out of each other's way Protestant churches merged together in a new Reich church, led by Nazi Bishop Muller - Set up a new Church Nazis set up German faith movement, non- christian, based on pagan beliefs about worship of nature

Question 33

jews

Answer 33

- 1935 Nuremburg laws- jews were no longer protected by the law - 1938: Qualifications were cancelled, kids not allowed in schools - Kristallnacht- SS destroyed 7000 Jewish shops and homes, many Jews sent to concentration camps - 1941- "final solution"- mass shootings, gas chambers used, all jews sent to concentration camps