Elizabeth Flashcards

Question

Explain lizzie's direct involvement in the netherlands that led to deteriorating relationship with spain

Answer 1

The dutch were fighting for independence from spain, lizzie wanted to help the protestant cause The treaty of Nonsuch was signed in 1586 which made the dutch rebels and england allies - england sent troops and supplies to the netherlands The deployment of Dudley was seen as direct challenges to spanish authority: Lizzie wanted to still negotiate with spain meaning that dudley wasn’t equipped with enough soldiers men or supplies to make a difference The then accepted the title 'Governor general of the Netherlands’ which made Lizzie furious since she still wanted to negotiate and this made it seem as if England was tryna take control of the Netherlands without consulting Philip II. They did manage to capture some forts but two prominent figureheads of the english cavalry gave up what they had captured and joined the spanish - this decreased trust of the dutch in dudley. Dudley was then called back to England in 1586 then redeployed in 1587 still lacking resources, even so he managed to capture the port of Ostend which became a reason why the armada failed the following year.

Answer 2

Spain was ready to launch the armada in 1587 and lizzie wasn’t ready to combat it so she sent drake to postpone it He led a surprise attack which destroyed 30 ships and burned a large amount of supplies which delayed the armada for over a year This weakened spain’s navy and strengthened england’s while also giving a moral boost to the english since they now believed it was possible to fend of the inevitable attacks This pissed off Philip II and made him launch the armada with a weaker fleet just over a year later in 1588.

Answer 3

Education in Elizabethan England Overview: No national curriculum and school was not compulsory. Education was provided by the church, the wealthy, and volunteers. Focused on practical survival skills and preparing people for adult life. Literacy and Access: Only 15% could read and write at the start of Elizabeth's reign. Poor families taught children what they needed for work. Wealthy families could afford formal education or private tutors. Humanism and Religion: Humanists believed education had intrinsic value. Encouraged reading the Bible to strengthen individual faith. Printing press made books cheaper, increasing access to reading materials. Changing Society: Growth in trade and business meant more people needed to be able to read, write, and count. Led to the expansion of schools

Answer 4

Petty Schools: Who attended - Young children from poor families (boys and sometimes girls) Curriculum/purpose - Basic literacy (reading only), simple arithmetic. Taught basic obedience and religious values. Other facts - Run informally in the teacher’s home, often by untrained volunteers. Aimed to prepare children for work or further education. Parish Schools - Who attended - Boys from lower or middle classes, especially sons of craftsmen and yeomen Curriculum/purpose - Taught reading, writing, and religious instruction (focused on understanding the Bible). Some basic maths was also included. Other facts - Funded by the Church and local donations. Supported Elizabeth’s religious settlement by encouraging Protestant values. Grammar Schools Who attended - Primarily boys aged 10–14 from gentry and wealthy yeomen families Curriculum/purpose - Classical education focused on Latin, Greek, grammar, rhetoric, literature, philosophy, and sometimes mathematics. Other facts - Fee-paying, but some scholarships existed for poor but talented boys. Strict discipline and long hours were common. Dame Schools Who attended - Girls from middle-class families Curriculum/purpose - Taught basic reading and arithmetic, household management skills (e.g. sewing, budgeting). Writing was often not taught. Other facts - Run by older women ("dames") in their homes. Reinforced the belief that girls should be trained for domestic life. Private Tutors Who attended - Children of the nobility and very wealthy gentry (especially boys) Curriculum/purpose - languages, battle tactics, land management, philosophy, history, and court etiquette. Other facts - Education took place at home. Tutors were well-educated and could sometimes be scholars from Oxford or Cambridge. Universities (Oxford & Cambridge) Who attended - Elite young men from very wealthy or noble backgrounds Curriculum/purpose - law, theology, medicine, logic, philosophy, and the classical languages. Used Latin as the language of instruction. Other facts - Only open to boys, mostly those seeking a career in the Church, law, or government. Attendance was prestigious. Key Contextual Points for Grade 9 Answers: Education was not compulsory, and most people didn’t attend school at all. The curriculum reflected class and gender divisions – girls were not expected to be educated beyond household duties. Religious change, economic shifts, and the Humanist movement encouraged more educational opportunities. The printing press and spread of Protestantism helped increase literacy, especially for Bible reading.

Answer 5

Why Leisure Increased: Trade and overseas exploration made England wealthier, giving people more disposable income to spend on entertainment. Urbanisation (especially in places like London) created large populations in one place, perfect for things like public theatre. Elizabeth’s reign was relatively peaceful, so money wasn’t being spent on war and could instead support arts and culture. Elizabeth herself loved music, dance and theatre, so she encouraged culture even if indirectly. The Renaissance revival of classical learning inspired more artistic expression. Public entertainment was a distraction from unrest and helped build national pride. Nobility/gentry - hunting, fencing, tennis Common people - football, wrestling, running Both classes - Bear-baiting, cockfighting

Answer 6

Theatre boomed due to rising urban audiences, royal approval, and a hunger for entertainment. Public Theatres like The Globe, The Rose, and The Swan were built in the 1570s–1590s. Theatre became a way to explore ideas while avoiding censorship (though plays still had to be approved by the Master of the Revels). Plays were watched by all classes – from groundlings (poor audience members who stood) to wealthy patrons.

Answer 7

Population increased rapidly from 3-4m in elizabeth’s reign, this put pressure on: food, land and jobs making survival harder Inflation rose rapidly, because: henry VIII debased the coins (making them worth less since they weren’t pure silver anymore and mixed with cheaper metals so traders increased their prices); spain also bought a lot of silver from the new world so now too much was in circulation for it to hold its value. The cloth trade declined rapidly, it made up 80% of exports and england relied on antwerp buying it but spanish-dutch wars disrupted trade this meant that many cloth merchants and weavers went bankrupt and were forced into vagrancy Enclosure of land - landowners fenced off their land so they could farm sheep instead of crops which required less staff and landowners also kicked tenant farmers off their property to make room for sheep pastures - this left thousands of families in poverty There were also bad harvests in the 1570s and 1580s which led to prices rising a lot which became a big loss for those who had lost their income Landlords charged high rent which many couldn’t afford so they were evicted

Answer 8

Before Lizzie, poor people were seen as lazy failures who the government saw as not their priority. Vagabonds were seen as to blame for all crime As vagabondage increase, opinions changes and some believed that they weren’t poor because it was their own fault and they were split up into the deserving poor and the undeserving poor The deserving poor were deemed eligible for help - people who couldn't work because of age, illness or disability Deserving unemployed - able bodied but couldn’t find work Undeserving poor - able bodied who were too lazy to get a job

Answer 9

1563: statute of artificers: Compulsory 7 year apprenticeship to reduce unemployment Maximum wages set to prevent them for trying for a higher wage Poor relief was collected from everyone to be given to the deserving 1572: vagabonds act: Still whipped harshly, but now the deserving poor had help JP’s had to keep a record of the poor Houses of correction were introduced which were places that reformed the poor who committed petty offences with hard labour 1576: poor relief act: Local councils now responsible for finding work for the poor and if the poor refused they’d be sent to houses of correction

Answer 10

Economic factors - expanding trade: The decline of the antwerp cloth trade in 1563 so trade expanded to asia and the americas where there was high demand for products like: spices, gold, silver silk and sugar Spain and portugal dominated trade and lizzie wanted an empire Political and Religious Factors – Rivalry with Spain: Spain controlled trade in the new world so lizzie wanted to build her empire while destroying their’s Spain was catholic and england was protestant so lizzie secretly encouraged privateers to attack the spanish since colonisation was seen as a good way to spread protestantism Technological advancements: Magnetic compass made navigation more accurate More accurate maps helped plan routes more easily Stronger, faster ships were developed which had triangular sails allowing them to sail against the wind and larger more powerful cannons making them better for naval battles The search for new routes and colonies: England wanted a direct route to asia Sir Walter Raleigh was given permission to set up colonies in America which led to the founding of Virginia. Adventure, glory and personal ambition: Motivated by fame, wealth and adventure Drake became the first explorer to circumnavigate the earth showing that it was possible Successful explorers were rewarded with titles and wealth - drake knighted in 1581

Answer 11

It was too late to plant crops, they missed the planting season since they arrived in summer 1585 and it was a different type of land and climate meaning that they didn’t know how or even if they could plant crops. They relied on the PI’s but their relationship turned to shit because the settlers stole food and treated them poorly which led to the death of a chief which just worsened tensions Lack of skill - many were soldiers who didn't have a trade or could farm so they struggled to adapt to their environment Greenville went back to england for supplies leaving ralph lane in charge who was disliked meaning that moral was brought down and a lack of a strong leader meant it became disorganised Francis drake arrived there in 1586 where he offered for them to come with him and to be taken back to england - the majority did but the ones who stayed were never seen again and the colony was found deserted when the supply ship came back They also experienced harsh weather - droughts destroyed crops and storms destroyed ships

Elizabeth Flashcards

(35 cards)