Elizabeth - Catholic Opposition.

Question 1

What were some foreign developments by 1567?

Answer 1

The Pope instructed English Catholics not to attend the Church of England church services.
- the Spanish Duke of Alba was sent out ot the Netherlands to put down a Protestant rebellion that had broken out against Spanish Catholics.
- The presence of 10,000 Spanish troops across the channel from Southern England raised fears that Spains might be intending to force England to Catholocism.

Question 2

When did Mary, Queen of Scots, arrive in England, and why was this significant?

Answer 2

She arrived in 1568, seeking sanctuary. Mary was Catholic and next in line to the throne. She became a focal point for Catholic opposition.

Question 3

When was the Northern Rebellion?

Answer 3

1569.

Question 4

Who led the Northern Rebellion?

Answer 4

The Earl of Northumberland and the Earl of Westmorland.

Question 5

What was the plan (Northern Rebellion)?

Answer 5

• Marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk (the only English Duke at the time, and Elizabeth’s closest male relative), strengthening Mary’s claim to the throne.
• the leaders had also been in touch with the pope and Spain to secure foreign backing.

Question 6

What happened (Northern Rebellion)?

Answer 6

• Rebels entered Durham Cathedral and said a Catholic Mass (they held banners with the 5 wounds of Christ).
• BUT they failed to gain much support.
• when the government marched to meet them, they fled to Scotland.

Question 7

When was the Papal Bull Excommunication?

Answer 7

25th Febuary, 1570. It followed the Northern rebellion.

Question 8

What did the Papal Bull Excommunication (PBE) say?

Answer 8

Liz’s subjects didn’t have to obey her.

Question 9

How did the PBE go down?

Answer 9

It actually failed to get Philip’s support, and no arrangements were made to ensure its publication in England.
- However, there was fear among Liz’s councillors: “Act Against Bringing in and Executing Papal Bulls” and a “Treason Act” was passed. It was based on Cromwell’s 1534 Treason Act = it was treason to write/say the queen was a heretic.

Question 10

When was the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 10

1571!

Question 11

Who was Ridolfi? What was his past?

Answer 11

He was a Florentine Banker, who’d been involved in the Northern Rebellion.

Question 12

What was the Plan of the Ridolfi Plot?

Answer 12

• secure the landing of Spanish troops in Essex.
• March on London.
• Overthrow Elizabeth and marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk.

Question 13

How did the Ridolfi plot go down?

Answer 13

• Ridolfi’s messenger was caught at Dover, an cracks under the pressure of torture.
• Burghley uses parliamentary pressure to have the Duke of Norfolk executed, but Elizabeth refused to execute Mary.

Question 14

When was the First Penal Law?

Answer 14

1571.

Question 15

What was the First Penal Law?

Answer 15

• declared that bringing Papal Bulls into England was treasonable.
• list of anti-Catholic laws.
• Due to previous events, being Catholic became associated with treason, and Liz, pressured by her councillors, began to see Catholics as the enemy.

Question 16

Talk to me about Seminary Priests?

Answer 16

• From 1574, the English college at Douai (Netherlands) sents its first Seminary Priets into England.
• By 1575, 11 secular priests had been sent into England. By 1580, there were 100.

Question 17

By 1575, how many secular priests were sent into England?

Answer 17

Eleven.

Question 18

By 1580, how many secular priests were sent into England?

Answer 18

One Hundred!

Question 19

What was the initial impact of the Seminary priests?

Answer 19

• Limited - they had no framework to operate in.
• Largely operated from country houses of Catholic gentry.
• they weren’t seeking to convert church of England conformists.

Question 20

What was the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)?

Answer 20

• Came into England in 1580.
• Wanted to re-cathlocise England.
• Robert Parsons and Edmund Campion (captured and executed in 1581) were the first Jesuits to become involved in the attempts to re-cathlocise England.

Question 21

What did historians think about the impact of Seminary Priests and Jesuits?

Answer 21

Their contribution to the survival of Catholocism has long been debated.
John Bossy believes that they did lots.
Christopher Haigh doesn’t think they did all that.

Question 22

When was the Second Penal Law?

Answer 22

1581.

Question 23

Why was the Second Penal Law enacted?

Answer 23

• Start of Jesuits mission in 1580.
• rebellion in Ireland.
• Philip annexed Portugal.

Question 24

What did the Second Penal Law do?

Answer 24

The law made it treason to withdraw a subject’s allegiance to Elizabeth or the Church of England.
- It was also treason to be a Catholic priest.
- The fine for being a recusant was £20 a month.
- saying mass = fine and imprisonment.

Question 25

True or False - Elizabeth agreed with everything put forward for the Second Penal Law.

Answer 25

False - she actually vetoed some of the law's more extreme cases.

Question 26

When was the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 26

1581.

Question 27

What was happening at the time of the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 27

- occurred when Catholic missions to England were becomming more evident, and the international position of Protestantism was more precarious (the counter reformation was happening).

Question 28

What was the plan of the Throckmorton Plot?

Answer 28

- a force under the Duke of Guise (Mary QOS' uncle) would land in Sussex. - hopefully, this would generate support from local Catholic nobles (like the earl of Arundel).

Question 29

Did the Throckmorton Plot succeed?

Answer 29

Nope!

Question 30

Why did the Throckmorton plot fail?

Answer 30

- Sir Francis Walsingham had a mole in the French embassy. - Throckmorton confessed under torture and was executed for treason. - It was clear that the main conspirator was the Spanish ambassador, Mendoza. He couldn't be executed, so he was exiled instead. - Arundel was imprisoned and Mary was moved to a more secure location.