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Elizabeth I Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Elizabeth I become queen?

A

Elizabeth I became queen in 1558 following the death of Queen Mary I.

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2
Q

Who was Elizabeth I’s Secretary of State at the beginning of her reign?

A

William Cecil was appointed Secretary of State.

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3
Q

What was the Act of Supremacy (1559)?

A

It required clergy and officials to swear allegiance to Elizabeth as Supreme Governor of the Church.

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4
Q

What did the Act of Uniformity enforce?

A

Attendance at church and use of the Book of Common Prayer, with fines for non-attendance.

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5
Q

What was the significance of the Royal Injunctions?

A

They suppressed superstition and discouraged pilgrimage and candles.

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6
Q

What was the Act of Exchange?

A

It allowed Elizabeth to take property from bishops to maintain control over them.

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7
Q

What were the Thirty-Nine Articles?

A

A doctrinal statement combining Catholic and Protestant beliefs.

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8
Q

What did the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis confirm?

A

England’s loss of Calais and peace between France and Spain.

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9
Q

Who was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1559?

A

Matthew Parker.

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10
Q

What did the Treaty of Berwick (1560) achieve?

A

English troops were allowed into Scotland to expel the French.

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11
Q

What did the Treaty of Edinburgh (1560) result in?

A

Both French and English troops agreed to leave Scotland.

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12
Q

What happened to the currency in 1561?

A

It was completely restored from debasement.

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13
Q

Who joined the Privy Council in 1562?

A

Robert Dudley.

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14
Q

What illness did Elizabeth suffer from in 1562?

A

Smallpox.

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15
Q

What was the Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)?

A

England offered loans and troops to French Huguenots.

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16
Q

What did the Statute of Artificers (1563) do?

A

Regulated apprenticeships and employment to reduce poverty.

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17
Q

What book did John Foxe publish in 1563?

A

“Book of Martyrs.”

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18
Q

What was the Petition to Convocation (1563)?

A

A Puritan call to reform church practices and ceremonies.

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19
Q

What treaty did Elizabeth sign in 1564 with France?

A

The Treaty of Troyes.

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20
Q

Who did Mary Queen of Scots marry in 1565?

A

Lord Darnley.

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21
Q

What was the ‘Book of Advertisements’ (1566)?

A

Guidelines on church practices, like kneeling and vestments.

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22
Q

How did Elizabeth respond to Parliament’s pressure to marry in 1566?

A

She banished Robert Dudley from court.

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23
Q

What happened in 1567 to Mary, Queen of Scots?

A

She was forced to abdicate.

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24
Q

Why did Mary, Queen of Scots flee to England in 1568?

A

She was deposed in Scotland and sought Elizabeth’s protection.

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25
What was the Northern Rebellion (1569)?
A Catholic uprising to depose Elizabeth and replace her with Mary.
26
What was the effect of the 1570 papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis'?
Elizabeth was excommunicated and Catholics were released from allegiance to her.
27
What was the Ridolfi Plot (1571)?
A plan to replace Elizabeth with Mary, involving the Duke of Norfolk.
28
What title did William Cecil receive in 1571?
Lord Burghley.
29
What did Elizabeth instruct Parliament not to discuss in 1571?
Matters of state, especially religion.
30
What was the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) and why was it significant?
It was a mass killing of Huguenots in France and increased fears of Catholic plots in England.
31
What was the Bond of Association (1584)?
A pledge to execute anyone who attempted to assassinate Elizabeth or seize the throne.
32
Who was executed in 1572 for involvement in Catholic plots?
The Duke of Norfolk.
33
What role did Francis Walsingham take in 1573?
Secretary of State and head of Elizabeth’s spy network.
34
What was the significance of the Jesuits arriving in 1580?
They sought to convert England back to Catholicism, seen as a threat to Elizabeth’s reign.
35
What happened to Archbishop Grindal in 1577?
He was suspended and later placed under house arrest for defending preaching.
36
What was the Throckmorton Plot (1583)?
A Catholic plan to overthrow Elizabeth with Spanish help and install Mary, Queen of Scots.
37
Who replaced Grindal as Archbishop of Canterbury?
John Whitgift.
38
What were Whitgift’s Three Articles?
Demands that clergy accept the royal supremacy, the prayer book, and the Thirty-Nine Articles.
39
What was the Treaty of Joinville (1584)?
A secret agreement between Philip II of Spain and the French Catholic League.
40
What was the Act Against Jesuits and Seminary Priests (1585)?
It banned Catholic priests from England, with execution for violations.
41
What military action did England take in the Netherlands in 1585?
Robert Dudley led a force to support Dutch Protestants.
42
What colony was attempted in 1585?
Roanoke, the first English colony in North America.
43
What was the Babington Plot (1586)?
A plan to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne.
44
What did the Treaty of Berwick (1586) establish?
A peace agreement between England and Scotland.
45
When was Mary, Queen of Scots executed?
In 1587, after being found guilty of treason.
46
What did Francis Drake do in 1587 to weaken Spain?
Attacked Cadiz and destroyed Spanish ships and supplies.
47
When did the Spanish Armada launch?
May 30, 1588.
48
What happened at the Battle of Gravelines (1588)?
The English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada.
49
What speech did Elizabeth deliver at Tilbury in 1588?
A rousing speech to troops to defend England from invasion.
50
What was the Marprelate Tracts controversy (1588)?
Puritan pamphlets attacking the bishops and the Church of England hierarchy.
51
What did the Poor Relief Act (1597) do?
Created a system of compulsory local poor relief through taxation.
52
What company was founded in 1600 to expand trade?
The East India Company.
53
What was the Essex Rebellion (1601)?
A failed coup led by Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex.
54
What was the 'Golden Speech' (1601)?
Elizabeth’s farewell speech to Parliament, expressing love for her people.
55
When did Elizabeth I die?
March 24, 1603.
56
Who succeeded Elizabeth I?
James VI of Scotland became James I of England.
57
What caused conflict between Elizabeth and Parliament in 1601?
The issue of royal monopolies.
58
What was the Act Against Seditious Sectaries (1593)?
Allowed execution of those suspected of Separatism.
59
Who was Peter Wentworth and what happened to him?
He was imprisoned in 1593 for demanding a named successor to Elizabeth.
60
What happened in the Tyrone Rebellion (1594)?
A major uprising in Ireland against English rule.
61
What epidemic hit England in 1589?
The Black Plague.
62
What happened to English theaters in 1594?
They reopened after being closed due to plague.
63
Who died in 1590, weakening Elizabeth’s spy network?
Sir Francis Walsingham.
64
Who wrote ‘The Faerie Queene’ and who was Gloriana meant to represent?
Edmund Spenser; Gloriana represented Elizabeth I.
65
Why was Sir Walter Raleigh imprisoned in 1592?
He secretly married one of Elizabeth’s ladies-in-waiting.
66
What major naval failure occurred in 1595?
An expedition led by Hawkins and Drake failed in the Caribbean.
67
How did Francis Drake die?
Of dysentery in 1596 after a failed attack on Panama.
68
What was the outcome of the Second Spanish Armada (1596)?
It failed like the first attempt in 1588.
69
What key advisor died in 1598?
William Cecil, Lord Burghley.
70
What was the significance of the 1596 attack on Cadiz?
The English captured and sacked the Spanish port.
71
What happened to English Catholic priests in 1602?
All but 13 were expelled from England.
72
Who led the failed 1601 rebellion against Elizabeth?
The Earl of Essex.
73
Why did Elizabeth imprison Peter Wentworth in 1576?
He argued for freedom of speech in Parliament.
74
What did Elizabeth do about religious debates in Parliament in the 1580s?
She banned them and punished those who disobeyed.
75
What was the purpose of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity?
To defend the structure of the Church of England.
76
Who was John Whitgift and what did he do?
Archbishop of Canterbury; enforced conformity among clergy.
77
What was the result of the Drake-Norris expedition in 1589?
It failed to achieve its goals in Lisbon.
78
What major Spanish-Portuguese ship was captured by English in 1592?
The Madre de Deus.
79
What economic issue struck England in the 1590s?
Famine and widespread poverty.
80
Who was Robert Cecil?
Son of William Cecil; he became a privy councillor in 1593.
81
Why were Puritans like Cartwright and Field opposed by the church?
They wanted a presbyterian system and reforms not sanctioned by Elizabeth.
82
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch (1585)?
A treaty involving direct English support for the Dutch against Spain.
83
What happened to John Hawkins in 1595?
He died at sea during a failed naval expedition.
84
What was Elizabeth’s stance on Catholic worship in 1581?
Harsh penalties were imposed; Campion was executed.
85
How did Elizabeth use Parliament during her reign?
She restricted their ability to debate sensitive matters like religion and succession.
86
How did Elizabeth respond to the pressure to name a successor?
She consistently refused, viewing it as a threat to her authority.
87
What was the significance of the East India Company (1600)?
It marked the beginning of England’s global trade empire.
88
What was the goal of the Puritan 'Admonitions to Parliament'?
To call for Presbyterian reforms of the Church of England.
89
How did Elizabeth manage her image and authority?
Through speeches, portraits, strict control over Parliament, and religious policy.
90
What dynasty ended with Elizabeth I’s death in 1603?
The Tudor Dynasty.

Tudor History (6 decks)

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