Elizabeth: Knowledge gaps Flashcards
(45 cards)
When did Elizabeth become Queen?
1558
Define Court
People close to the Queen, who could influence her on important decisions
Define Privy council
Debated issues, oversaw laws, money and parliament. Chosen by Liz
Define parliament
House of Lords and Commons:
- passed laws
- gave permission for extra taxes
Define lord lieutenant
In charge of training local military forces
Define Justices of Peace
Landowners who kept law and order in their local area
Define royal prerogative
Only the Queen had the right to discuss certain issues
Define the position of ‘secretary of state’ and name an example
The second in charge, advised the Queen on important matters, such as Sir William Cecil
Describe the Royal Court
- run by Lord Chamberlain
- Consisted of the Queen’s household} 500 nobles, advisors, offiicals and servants
- Court = centre of political power
Describe who William Cecil was
- secretary of state + E;izabeth’s most trusted adviser
- key role in developing poor laws and religious policies
- protestant - encouraged her to fight against Catholic Rivals + to take Ireland
How did Liz maintain control over Parliament?
- imprisoned awkward MPs: Peter Wentworth
- could dissolve Parliament any time she wanted
- Royal Veto
- attended Parliament when she needed a new law passed
Describe the consequences of the Essex Rebellion
Robert Devereux executed in 1601 @ tower of London
What was the Suffolk claim to the throne?
Descendents of Henry VIII’s youngest sister Mary, Duchess of Suffolk
→ granddaughter Lady Jane Grey already executed but Lady Catherine and Lady Mary remaining
→ Both Protestant
What was the Stuart claim to the throne?
Descendents of Henry VIII’s eldest sister } Margaret Queen of Scotland
→ Mary, Queen of Scots had a stronger claim, she was a devout Catholic
Why did the Gentry grow?
- Tudor suspicion of ‘old nobility’: saw as a threat + excluded from government and not granted new titles
- dissolution of English monasteries = more land to buy
- increasing wealth = growth of trade, exploration and population
- rising prices helped them to keep their money
When was the Statue of Apparels passed?
1574
What was the cult of Gloriana?
Visual and literary propoganda around Elizabeth
How did portraits help strenghten her rule?
- courtiers sent painters to paint her to impress her - could be kept competitive and controllable
- General public’s reaction could be unanimous - feeds into cult of personality
What did the law for all actors to be licensed cause to happen?
Actors organised themselves and London’s first theatre: The theatre, opened
What were the causes of poverty?
- increasing population, but not jobs or food
- rising prices; value of coinage reduced
- foreign wars caused taxes to increase
- also impacted trade - no income trade due to wars
- period saw many bad harvests and many turned to sheep farming - not enough food
- closure of monasteries = no more charity
What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in Norfolk?
- almhouses established to house the poor
- work provided for the poor
What were the local measures introduced to combat poverty in London?
- St Bartholemew’s hospital for sick established
- St Thomas established for the elderly
- Christ’s Hospital for the orphans
- Bethlehem’s for the insane
What did the Elizabethan government do to aid poverty?
- Carried out full recoinage
- established fixed rates for fixed workers
- enforced Acts protecting rural jobs
What was the Poor Law?
- Everyone had to pay towards setting up workhouses and payment relief for the ‘deserving poor’
- Parish had to appoint 4 ‘Overseers of Poor’ who would ensure orphans had apprenticeships and that almhouses were running smoothly
