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gcse history > elizabeth page 20-end > Flashcards

elizabeth page 20-end Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the reasons for religious rivalry between England and Spain

A

Phillip II backed by the pope saw Protestantism as a threat. English protestants saw Spain and Catholicism as a threat. Phillip II of Spain became involved in Catholic threats against Elizabeth

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2
Q

when was the council of troubles (council of blood)

A

1568

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3
Q

what was Spain’s campaign in the Netherlands

A

killing protestants

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4
Q

why did Spain’s campaign in the Netherlands anger Elizabeth’s government

A

they saw Spain as a hostile, direct threat to England and Protestantism

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5
Q

What did the English do to Dutch Protestants

A

They allowed Dutch rebel ships (sea beggars) in English ports. They provided financial support to others fighting the Spanish. English privateers were encouraged to attack Spanish shipping and colonies in America.

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6
Q

what did Elizabeth propose to do with the Duke of Alencon ( French heir)

A

marry him so he might be persuaded to fight Spain in the Netherlands

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7
Q

by when did the Spanish government in the Netherlands find the war unaffordable

A

1576

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8
Q

what caused the Spanish Fury

A

Spanish troops not being paid

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9
Q

What was the Spanish Fury

A

Spanish troops looted Antwerp

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10
Q

what was the Pacification of Ghent

A

After the looting all 17 Dutch provenances, Catholic and Protestant joined an alliance against the Spanish, drawn up in a document called the Pacification of Ghent. It called for Spanish troops to be expelled from the Netherlands.

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11
Q

who and when restored control of Spanish Netherlands

A

late 1584- Duke of Parma

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12
Q

what happened to England’s allies - William of Orange and Duke of Alencon by late 1584

A

dead

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13
Q

when was the Treaty of Joinville and what did it do

A

1584- strengthened relationship between Catholic France and Spain

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14
Q

how was Phillip’s position in Spain strengthened by late 1584

A

Dutch Catholics were ready to make peace with Spain

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15
Q

why were England and Spain close to war by 1587

A

Phillip II blamed English support for Dutch rebels for the situation getting worse. He blamed English privateers for attacks on Spanish ships. Elizabeth’s government blamed Spain for plots against her.

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16
Q

when when did England and Spain emerge as trade rivals

A

1570s

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17
Q

what were Spain and England fighting over in trade

A

markets in the New World

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18
Q

what did Spain do in the Netherlands to stop England trading

A

closed off one of the trade routes - Scheldt and Rhine estuaries

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19
Q

what did Spain do in the New World to try and stop English trading

A

made a license for trading. This meant that English trader often ran into problems with the Spanish government.

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20
Q

how much worth of silver did Drake steal from Spanish colonies in one raid in 1572

A

40,000

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21
Q

what amount of silver and gold did Drake get in an expedition between 1577 and 1580

A

400,000

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22
Q

what did Elizabeth encourage sea beggars to do

A

attack Spanish ships

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23
Q

what did Elizabeth show by knighting Drake

A

defiance of Spain’s hostility towards commercial interests in the New world and Europe

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24
Q

What was the treaty of nonsuch and when was it signed

A

1585- England would finance 7,400 English soldiers led by Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester to work with Dutch rebels

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25
when was the English campaign in the Netherlands
1585-88
26
was the English campaign in the Netherlands a success and why
NO-Leicester was not given enough resources as Elizabeth still wanted to negotiate with Spain. Some of his officers changed to Spanish side. Dudley and Elizabeth had different ideas
27
what were the results of the English campaign in the Netherlands
is disrupted Spanish forces and stopped them from capturing a deep water port Ostend on the English channel.
28
what and when was the Singeing of the King of Spain's Beard
In 1587 Elizabeth ordered Drake to attack the Spanish navy. He attacked cadiz - a major port. He destroyed 30 ships and alot of their supplies
29
what was the significance of Drakes attack on Cadiz
they had to stop preparing the Armada and defend their selves against Drake, delayed it by a year, brought England more time to prepare.
30
What religious reasons caused Phillip II to launch the Armada
a last attempt of restoring Catholicism, the papacy wanted to overthrow Elizabeth since excommunicating her in 1570. The pope promised to forgive sins of those who took part in the Armada
31
what political reasons causes Phillip II to launch the Armada
The treaty of Joinville (1584) meant that Spain could attack England without risking war with France. The treaty of Nonusch (1585) meant that English soldiers were at war with Spain, so Phillip could justify attacking England. England would be a good addition to his empire.
32
what angered Philip leading to Armada
Drakes actions and Elizabeth's support for Dutch rebels
33
how many ships and guns did the Armada have
130 ships, 2431 guns
34
what was the Armada's plan
to sail along the English channel to the Netherlands. Then join forces with the Duke of Parma and attack London, and over throw Elizabeth
35
what did the Spanish need control to transport troops
English channel
36
when was the Armada launched
1588
37
What happened in the battle of Plymouth
2 Spanish ships were captured
38
what happened in the battle of the Isle of white
Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move back
39
what happened in the battle of Gravelines
fire ships caused the Spanish to panic. They never met up with the Duke of Parma and where scattered.
40
what were communication problems that led to English victory
There was no communication between the Duke of Parma and Duke of Medina Sidonia. They had no deep water ports, which meant the armada had to meet with the Duke of Parma at sea
41
why were English ships better
Cannons were mounted on smaller gun carriages than on Spanish ones. This meant they could be reloaded and fired quicker. They were also more manoverable.
42
how long were the Armada as sea for till their food started to rot
10 weeks
43
what did the battle of Gravelines cause
Many Spanish captains panicked and cut their anchors allowing them to drift into the north sea
44
how did the weather effect the Armada
Gale force ships caused damage and destroyed ships
45
what were England's superior tactics
They stayed close enough to Spanish ships to fire, but stayed far enough away to prevent being boarded by Spanish soldiers and sailors. This ensured England's loses were a minimal. Drake's used of fireships in the battle of Gravelines caused the Spanish to panic.
46
what were the consequences of England's victory
The strength of the navy was shown. Protestantism grew- people thought that god was on a protestant side. Elizabeth's authority enhanced. Stronger alliances in Europe
47
Spain consequences of defeat
military and financial setback, however their war with England continued for the rest of Elizabeth's reign, Spain's prestige was broken, other countries became wiling to challenge them
48
what was the point in Elizabethan education
to help people prepare for their expected roles in life
49
what was the percentage of population that could read and write
15-20%
50
what type of people went to schools
rich people
51
what would humanists argue about education
that education was valuable and not just a way to prepare people for life - this led to an improvement in education
52
what did protestants argue about education
that people should be able to read and write so they can read scriptures
53
what did the growth of the printing press do to education
made books less expensive, giving people more opportunities to read
54
how did the growth of trade encourage people to become more literate
the growth of trade required people to read write and understand maths
55
what were parish schools
they were up to age 10. They were set up by the church and run by the clergy. They taught basic literacy to the children of farmers and craftsmen.
56
what were grammar schools
for boys aged 10-14. They provided education independently of the church and charged fees, scholarships were available for poorer families. Attended by children of the gentry, merchants, yeoman farmers and craftsmen. They were taught the Bible, debating, Latin, Greek and philosophy. The sons of yeomen farms were taught reading, writing and maths
57
what were petty schools
run privatley from peoples homes
58
what was studying in universities
geometry, music, astronomy, music, anatomy, philosophy, logic
59
did girls get any formal education
no
60
changes in education in 1558 - 88
children educated independently from the church, scholarships for poorer people, literacy improved
61
what sports would the nobility do
hunting, fishing, real tennis, bowls, fencing
62
what sports did the lower classes do
football, wrestling
63
what were spectator sports
baiting, cock- fighting
64
what were secular plays
non religious plays that became popular
65
what was poverty
spending more then 80% of your income on bread, being ill or unemployed so you cant provide for you family, being un able to afford the rising cost of food, needing financial help
66
what types of people were poor
widows or abandoned women, sick and elderly, orphaned children , itinerants, vagrants and vagabonds
67
reasons for poverty
increased rents, bad harvests, economic recessions, enclosure, population growth
68
why did attitudes towards poor change
fear that poverty led to rebellion, cost of dealing with poor, poor were increasingly visible, changed economic circumstances
69
trade reasons for exploration
merchants needed new trading opportunities, vital to find new markets
70
adventure reasons for exploration
young men wanted to di it, accounts of these voyages encouraged others to do it
71
private investment reasons for exploration
investors funded voyages as reward could be huge
72
improvements in ship design reasons for exploration
ships had bigger sails, faster, more maneuverable, had greater firepower for protection, could go for longer and take more supplies
73
new technology reasons for exploration
navigation became more advance
74
maps reasons for exploration
the development of maps such as the mercator map of 1569 gave sailors and traders great confidence
75
why did Drake circumnavigate the world
he was attacking Spain and didn't mean to travel around the world, revenge as the Spanish had attacked his fleet, profit
76
significance of Drake's circumnavigation
England's reputation of power increased, encouraged further trade, declining relations with Spain
77
when did Raleigh organise the colonisation of Virginia
1584-85
78
why was Virginia colonised
trade, less dependent on other countries for imported goods, friendly natives, Raleigh persuaded investors it would be profitable, provided a base to attack Spanish colonies
79
who led the group to Virginia
Grenville
80
why did the colonisation of Virginia fail
lack of food, poor leadership, lack of skills and experience, native American attack, war with Spain
81
why did lack of food lead to failure of the colony
they were unable to provide for them selves, they abandoned the colony
82
why did poor leadership lead to failure of the colony
those involved had little purpose
83
why did lack of skills and experience lead to failure of the colony
merchants and land owners lacked skills for physical work, stone fort was never built leaving them open to attack, soldiers could defend but not farm
84
why did native american attack lead to failure of the colony
Wingina's attack lead to a crisis causing them to leave Roanoke
85
why did the war with spain lead to failure of the colony
not many ships were free, colonists isolated and vulnerable to attack `
86

gcse history (8 decks)

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