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Elizabethan Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 ways Elizabeth interacted with her subjects

A

1) Had portraits made of herself
2) Went to Noble men’s homes and stayed there
3) Royal Progresses

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2
Q

What was a Royal Progress?

A

A 10 week annual tour around the South of England

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3
Q

What was a Lord Lieutenant and how many were there?

A

A wealthy landowner who was part of the Privy council and was in charge of the JPs. There was 1 per county.

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4
Q

What was the Privy Council and how often did they meet?

A

A body of advisors who helped the Queen with day to day running of the country and met 3-4 times a week

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5
Q

What was the role of the JP, how many were there and were they paid?

A

Maintained law and order on a daily level. This included being judges and administrating poor relief. There was 30-60 JPs per county who were all unpaid

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6
Q

What was the role of the Sheriff and how many were there?

A

They set up apprenticeships for young boys and looking after the poor. There was 1 per county.

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7
Q

What was the role of the Parish Constable , who were they and how long did they do it for?

A

They patrolled the streets in the day. They were farmers or tradesmen who usually held the position for a year.

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8
Q

What was the difference between a Night Watchman and Parish Constable?

A

The Night Watchman patrolled at night, Parish Constable patrolled in the day

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9
Q

In the Queen’s 45 year reign, how many times did Parliament meet?

A

13

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10
Q

How many families owned 17% of the land in total?

A

50

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11
Q

How many vagrants were there in during this time?

A

10,000

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12
Q

What year was the Poor Laws?

A

1601

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13
Q

Name 3 of the 9 causes of poverty.

A

Bad Harvests, Inflation, Rising Population

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14
Q

What did the Act for the Relief of the Poor state?

A

Work should be found for the able bodied and children learn a trade

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15
Q

What did the 1572 Vagabonds Act state?

A

JP’s keep a register of the poor in the area

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16
Q

Name 3 entertainment for the rich

A

Hawking - A hawk would hunt for animals
Archery - Practise with a long bow or crossbow
Hunting - They would hunt deer on horses in their own parks

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17
Q

Name 3 entertainment for all classes

A

Dancing - Enjoyed by the Queen
Music - Many people learnt at least one instrument
Ball Games - Tennis and skittles

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18
Q

Name 3 entertainment for the lower class

A

Football - Few rules and highly likely chance of injury and death
Bands of Strolling Players - Toured the country
Gambling - Wages were low so people would try and get more

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19
Q

What were the 3 cruel sports which were popular?

A

Bull Baiting, Bear Baiting, Cock Fighting

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20
Q

What year was the first theatre built?

A

1576

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21
Q

What were the reasons the puritans and police opposed the theatre?

A

It was sinful, spread disease, law and order

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22
Q

How many were there on average every week attending the theatre?

A

Thousands

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23
Q

What percentage of Protestants were there in 1559?

A

Over 50%

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24
Q

What was via media?

A

The middle way and it was a mix of Protestant and catholic views

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25
What changed when via media was introduced?
A new prayer book, an English bible, Priests could marry
26
What did the Act of Supremacy state?
That Queen Elizabeth was the Supreme Governor of the Church of England
27
What did the Act of Uniformity state?
That religious practises was the same across the nation
28
What year was both the Act of Uniformity and Act of Supremacy introduced?
1559
29
Everyone who failed to attend church had to pay how much?
1 shilling
30
After the 2 religious Acts, what happened to the churches Mary 1 set up?
They were closed down and all wealth went to Elizabeth
31
How were the 2 religious Acts enforced?
125 commissioners were appointed to ensure they were enforced
32
How many priests refused to follow the 2 religious Acts?
250/9000
33
What year was the Rebellion of the Northern Earls and who led it?
1559, led by the Earl’s of Westmorland and Northumberland
34
What was the aim of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
Dethrone Elizabeth, marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk and make her queen
35
What were the consequences of the Rebellion of the Northern Earls?
800 Catholics executed
36
What year was the Ridolfi Plot and who led it?
1571, led by Roberto Ridolfi
37
Why did the Rebellion of the Northern Earls fail?
Poor leadership and planning and lack of support
38
What was the aim of the Ridolfi Plot?
For Mary to marry the Duke of Norfolk and the Spanish army would overthrow Elizabeth
39
What were the consequences of the Ridolfi Plot?
Duke of Norfolk imprisoned and Ridolfi was banished
40
Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?
Cecil and Walsingham foiled it
41
What year was the Throckmorton Plot and who led it?
1583-84, led by Francis Throckmorton
42
What was the aim of the Throckmorton Rebellion?
Aimed to free Mary, Involved Spanish and Papal money and the French army
43
Why did the Throckmorton Plot fail?
Cecil and Walsingham foiled it
44
What year was the Babington Plot and who led it?
1586, led by Anthony Babington
45
What was the aim of the Babington Plot?
Letter were written in cipher in an attempt to overthrow Elizabeth
46
Why did the Babington Plot fail?
Cecil and Walsingham intercepted the letters
47
What were th consequences of the Babington Plot failing?
Babington and 6 others were arrested, Mary was executed in 1587
48
What were the 3 reasons for the Armada?
1) King Philip’s personal aims 2) Events in the Netherlands 3) English privateers
49
How many Spanish troops were supposed to arrive from the Netherlands?
17,000
50
How much gold did Sir Francis Drake steal from the Spanish on his 3 year journey in 1577?
£200 million
51
When and where did Sir Francis Drake attack the Armada?
April 1587 in Cadiz
52
How many ships and what else were destroyed by Sir Francis Drake in Cadiz?
37 ships and seasoned wood
53
Who did Philip swap the Duke of Parma with to lead the Armada and why was this a problem?
Duke of Medina Sidonia replaced him and he was easily sea sick
54
When and where did the Armada set sail?
28th May 1588 from Lisbon
55
What were the reasons the Armada failed?
Weather, spotted quickly, bad maps, bad leader, poor quality wood
56
Why did the English ships struggle to stop the Armada?
They sailed in a crescent formation which was hard to break
57
How long did Sir Francis Drake tail and fight the Armada before giving up?
A week
58
What happened on the 6th and 7th of August 1588?
The Armada had anchored at Calais and Sir Francis Drake sent 8 unmanned ships with gunpowder to break the crescent formation
59
What happened on the 8th of August 1588?
The British fought the Armada for 8 hours
60
How many ships and men were destroyed/injured on the 8th August 1588?
3 Spanish ships, 1000 killed and 800 wounded Spanish sailors and 50 English sailors killed
61
How many ships were destroyed due to bad maps and weather and where from the Armada?
2 ships near Scotland and 25 ships near Ireland
62
How many ships returned to Spain from the Armada?
67 ships
63
How many sailors were there in the Armada?
30,000
64
What were the strengths of the English navy?
Fast and manoeuvrable ships, better long range cannons
65
How many English troops were there fighting the Armada?
20,000
66
How many ships did Spain have and how many did Britain have?
130 Spanish ships against 54 British Battleships + 140 merchant ships
67
What was the vestments controversy 1566?
Puritans rejected the idea of wearing vestments which led to 37 priests in London being dismissed
68
What were the proposals by Thomas Cartwright in 1570?
Series of lectures calling for the Puritan system in the church.
69
What were the ideas in the pamphlets of John Stubbs 1579?
Criticised Elizabeth for trying to marry a French nobleman. This led to his arrest.
70
What were the Marprelate Tracts 1588-89?
Anonymous pamphlets criticising the church. This led to less support from Puritans

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