US Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1929?
A
2.5 million
2
Q
How many people were unemployed in 1932?
A
13 million
3
Q
How many black people were unemployed in 1933?
A
50%
4
Q
Define Hoovervilles
A
Homes made under President Hoover for the homeless (very cheap)
5
Q
How many hobos were there in 1932?
A
2 million
6
Q
In 1932, how many suicides were there per 1000 people?
A
17
7
Q
In 1932, how many people received no income?
A
25%
8
Q
How many people took part in the Bonus Marches 1932 and what did they want?
A
12,000 veterans marched to Washington for their bonuses from the war
9
Q
How much would the bonus marches cost the government?
A
$2.3 million
10
Q
After 5000 protesters remained, what did Hoover do?
A
Killed 100 people and a baby using tear gas
11
Q
Who beat Hoover in the 1932 election and by how much?
A
Roosevelt won with only 6 out of 48 states voting against him
12
Q
What was Roosevelt’s solution and what were the 3R’s?
A
The New Deal was his solution and the 3R’s were relief, recover, reform
13
Q
Name 3 things Roosevelt did in his first 100 days
A
Alphabet agencies, closing banks, fireside chats
14
Q
How many banks were closed during Roosevelt’s first 100 days?
A
15
Q
What was the CCC?
A
Created jobs for men between the ages of 18-25
16
Q
What was the FERA?
A
Emergency relief $500 million for unemployed
17
Q
In 1944, how much of the world’s guns were produced by the US?
A
50%
18
Q
How many men and women joined the army when conscription was reintroduced and what did it mean?
A
16 million and it meant unemployment was lower
19
Q
What was unemployment in 1944?
A
Over 500,000
20
Q
How many aircraft workers were women?
A
1 in 3
21
Q
The US produced what percentage of cars and oil?
A
80% and 62%
22
Q
How many people owned homes in the 1960s?
A
33 million
23
Q
In 1945, how many soldiers were Black Americans?
A
750,000
24
Q
How were Black Americans treated when they were injured?
A
Black Nurses treated them with blood from Black people only
25
What number of Black Americans had government jobs by the end of the war?
200,000. It had trebled since the beginning of the war.
26
In Detroit 1943, how many people died and were injured in the race riots?
9 white people, 25 black people and 700 were injured
27
What was Brown V Topeka?
A case of a child in elementary school who lived nearer a white school. The case was taken to court and this led to segregation in school being unconstitutional in 1954.
28
29
How many Black children were still educated in Jim Crow Schools despite Brown V Topeka?
2.4 million
30
What was Little Rock 1957?
The governor Faubus ordered guards to prevent 9 Black students from entering the high school.
31
What were the events after Little Rock?
The media showed the world how racist the US was. Eisenhower sent 1000 troops to protect the 9 students. Faubus closed all schools in Arkansas for 2 years.
32
How many troops did JFK send to protect James Meredith in 1962?
Under 2500
33
When was Rosa Parks arrested?
1955
34
What was the aim of freedom riders?
To test if integration was actually happening on the bus system
35
How many bus boycotters were arrested in Jackson?
100
36
When and how many people were involved was the March on Washington and what did it lead to?
August 1963 and 250,000 demonstrators marched. It put pressure on JFK to pass the civil rights bill
37
Who and when was the Civil Rights Act passed?
Johnson passed the Act in 1964
38
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 state?
Desegregation of hotels, restaurants and theatres. Equality in the schooling system. Responsibility on federal government to bring cases of racism to court
39
The 1965 Voting Act led to what?
The removal of literacy tests
40
The 1968 Fair Housing Act meant what?
No discrimination in housing
41
How was Malcolm X important to the Civil Rights movement?
Set up educational programmes in the ghettos, gave drug counselling, set up breakfast programmes
42
What did FERA do?
Emergency relief $500 million for unemployed
43
Who was president from 1960-63?
John F Kennedy
44
What was JFK’s policy called?
The New Frontier
45
What did JFK want?
To give equal opportunity to all Americans
46
What did the Housing Act 1961 aim to do?
Redevelop inner city areas
47
What did JFK set the new minimum wage to?
$1.25
48
Name 3 ways JFK improved the economy?
1. Reduced taxes
2. Increased minimum wage
3. Spent more money on defence and space which created more jobs
49
Who was President from 1963-68?
Lyndon B Johnson
50
What was Johnson’s policy called?
The Great Society
51
What was Johnson’s aim?
To end poverty and discrimination
52
Which two major acts did Johnson pass?
Civil Rights Act 1964 and Voting Rights Act 1965
53
Name 5 things that Johnson did to improve America
1) Increased minimum wage
2) Cut taxes
3) Gave everyone health care through Medicare
4) Passed the Elementary & Secondary Education Acts to improve education
5) He improved roads and railways
54
What did Johnson change minimum wage to?
$1.40
55
Who was president from 1968-74?
Richard Nixon
56
Why did Nixon have to resign?
Watergate Scandal
57
What committee did Nixon set up to get him re-elected?
CREEP
58
When were 5 members of Nixon’s committee arrested and why?
June 1972 for breaking into the Watergate offices (democrat HQ)
59
In November 1973, how many Nixon recordings were turned over to the police and how much was cut from one of the tapes?
7/9 and 18 minutes
60
Who was President from 1981-89?
Ronald Reagan
61
What was Reagan’s economic policy and what were they?
Reaganomics which was a trickle down system
62
What did national debt reach under Reagan?
1 trillion
63
What happened in 1987 which affected the economy?
Market crash
64
Name 3 negatives of Reagan
1) Cut welfare programme
2) Medicare was cut
3) Opposed MLK and abortion so lost a lot of support
65
What did Reagan spend a large amount of government money on?
Star Wars / Space program
66
Who was president from 1989-93?
Bush
67
What was Bush’s reputation?
A safe pair of hands
68
What was unemployment rate under Bush?
8%
69
In 1992 under Bush, how many people were in poverty?
15%
70
What was the name of the Act that Bush signed in 1990?
Americans with Disabilities Act
71
What was the name of the Act that Bush passed which helped the environment?
Clean Air Act
72
Who was president from 1992-2001?
Clinton
73
How did Clinton improve the US economy?
Balanced the budget in 1998
74
By how much had the stock market increased under Clinton?
It tripled
75
How many jobs did Clinton create?
22 million
76
How did unemployment improve under Clinton?
All time low of unemployment of Hispanics, Women and African Americans
77
What was minimum wage under Clinton?
$5.15
78
Why was Clinton disgraced during his presidency?
Whitewater scandal and lied about affairs
79
Who were the big musicians during the 1950s and what music were they known for?
Elvis Presley (rock & roll), Bob Dylan (protest songs)
80
Who were the big musicians during the 1970s and what music were they known for?
The Jacksons (disco), Iron Maiden (heavy metal), Tupac (rap)
81
What new technology had a large affect in the US in the 1990s?
The internet and PCs
82
Which literary book was popular about racial inequality?
To Kill A Mockingbird
83
When were drive ins invented and what was it nicknamed?
1930s, passion pits
84
Name a popular movie and who was the main character?
Rebel without a cause, James Dean
85
Name 3 popular blockbuster movies made in the 70s
1) Jaws
2) ET
3) Indiana Jones
86
What year was the first DVD made?
1997
87
How many people had TVs in the 60s?
50 million
88
In 1960, how many women attended University?
1.6 million
89
What was agreed at the Yalta Conference?
Germany and Berlin would be split into 4 sections
90
According to the Potsdam Conference, who took control over each section?
UK, France, US, Soviet Union
91
What is the Truman Doctrine?
The US would help other countries who were threatened by communism through political, economic and the military
92
What was the Marshall Plan?
Economic Aid
93
What was Truman’s response to the Berlin Blockade?
Airlift supplies
94
How many tonnes of supplies were delivered everyday during the Berlin Blockade?
4000 tonnes
95
How long did the airlift last during the Berlin Blockade?
10 months
96
What 2 things were created as consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
NATO and Warsaw Pact
97
What was the Warsaw Pact 1955?
A defensive treatment between Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany and other Eastern countries. In total there was 8 countries as part of this pact.
98
What was the Berlin Crisis 1961 and what was the impact?
20,000 refugees moving from East to West Germany every month. Krushchev (leader of USSR) built the Berlin Wall.
99
What was the name of the famous crossing in the Berlin Wall?
Checkpoint Charlie
100
What year was the Cuban revolution and who overthrew who?
1959 and Batista (US support) got overthrown by Fidel Castro
101
What did the USSR buy from Cuba after the US refused to?
Cane sugar
102
What was the Bay of Pigs 1961 and who authorised it?
JFK authorised the US military to invade Cuba on their beaches
103
What did the USSR do in Cuba and how did the US find out?
They built ballistic missile in Cuba and U2 spy planes photographed them
104
What did JFK do to prevent Khrushchev from Cuba and what did he do in return?
A naval blockade, Khrushchev sent 2 letters saying he was willing to nuke the US and start a war
105
How long did the Cuban Missile Crisis last?
13 days from the 16th - 28th Oct
106
How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?
US removed missiles from Turkey, USSR removed missiles from Cuba
107
What was put in place to prevent another missile crisis?
A hotline between the Kremlin and the Whitehouse
108
What was the Domino Theory?
If one country fell to Communism, others around it would as well
109
Who was the Northern and Southern Leader of Vietnam and what political ideology do they follow?
Ho Chi Minh (communist), Diem (right wing)
110
When was Diem overthrown?
November 1963
111
Describe Operation Rolling Thunder
Bombing in attempts to prevent supply routes to the South
112
Describe Agent Orange + Napalm
Agent Orange - The US used 82 million litres of this weedkiller to destroy the jungle
Napalm - Petroleum jelly which burns to 800°C and sticks to the people who are hit by it
113
Describe Search and Destroy
The US would send helicopters into villages to burn them to the ground if suspected Vietcong members lived there
114
What was the name of supporters of the North in the South?
Vietcong
115
Name 3 reasons why the US struggled in Vietnam?
1) Guerilla Tactics
2) Inexperienced US troops in Vietnam terrain
3) Unpopularity from Vietnam and US
116
When and who was in charge of pulling out of Vietnam?
Jan 1973, Nixon
117
What was the aftermath of the Vietnam war?
Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos became communist
118
What was the SALT treaty?
No production of missiles
119
What was SALT 2?
Ban on land missiles
120
Why did SALT 2 end?
USSR invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
121
What was the Helsinki Agreement 1975?
USSR accepts W.Germany creating closer links
122
Where did Nixon visit 1972 and what did it do?
China as it creates better relations and reduces tension over Vietnam
123
What year was the Afghanistan Communist Revolution?
1978
124
What did the Mujahdeen (guerilla army) declare?
A holy war
125
How many troops invaded Afghanistan in 1979?
50,000
126
What was the Carter Doctrine?
Promised military aid to countries around Afghanistan
127
Who was the last leader of the USSR?
Gorbachev
128
What was the Geneva Conference 1985?
Created better relations between the USSR and US and the destruction of weapons
129
How many weapons were destroyed after the Geneva Convention?
Over 2500
130
What was the Malta Conference 1989?
Declared the Cold War was over
131
When did the USSR open the Berlin Wall and when did they unite?
November 1989, October 1990
132
Why was the US interested in the Gulf and Iran?
Lots of oil
133
In Nov 1979, how many hostages were taken in Iran?
66
134
After how long, and how many hostages were saved under Reagan?
20 minutes, 52 were released
135
136
137
What is bizonia?
Us and Uk alliance in Germany
138
What is trizonia?
Us, Uk and France alliance in Germany
139
How many banks were closed by Roosevelt?
2000
