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History > Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Elizabethan England Flashcards

1
Q

What was the name of Elizabeth’s spymaster?

A

Francis Walsingham

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2
Q

What was the name of Elizabeth’s Secretary?

A

Sir William Cecil

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3
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s love interest?

A

Robert Dudley

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4
Q

How much debt was Elizabeth’s government in in 1558?

A

£300,000

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5
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s cousin?

A

Mary Queen Of Scots

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6
Q

What was the name of Elizabeth’s Mother?

A

Anne Boleyn

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7
Q

What was the name of Elizabeth’s father?

A

Henry VIII

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8
Q

How much money did Elizabeth’s government raise each year in 1558?

A

£300,000

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9
Q

Where did the Protestants live?

A

East Anglia, London, the Netherlands

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10
Q

Which Catholic countries threatened to attack England during the Elizabethan Era?

A

Spain, France and the Papacy/Vatican

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11
Q

Which countries were controlled by King Phillip II’s Spain?

A

The Netherlands, Portugal

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12
Q

What was the name of extreme Protestants?

A

Puritans

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13
Q

I am richer than Peasants but poorer than the Gentry. Who am I?

A

Yeomen

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14
Q

Who maintained the law on a local level?

A

Justices of the Peace (JPs)

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15
Q

I am poorer than Peasants but richer than animals. Who am I?

A

Vagabonds/Vagrants

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16
Q

Who maintained the law on a county level?

A

Lord Lieutenants

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17
Q

Who did Elizabeth need in order to raise taxes?

A

Parliament

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18
Q

How many times did Elizabeth call up Parliament during her reign?

A

Only 10

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19
Q

Elizabeth needed her councillors to fight for her attention so she encouraged them to rival each other. What was this called?

A

Divide and Rule

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20
Q

What kind of Patronage did Elizabeth give to the Earl of Essex?

A

Financial - she gave him a monopoly on sweet wine imports allowing him to charge high rates and become extremely rich

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21
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s favourite member of the nobility?

A

Robert Dudley - she potentially loved him

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22
Q

What was the name of the hierarchy that the Elizabethans used?

A

The Great Chain Of Being!

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23
Q

What was the name of the colony Sir Walter Raleigh named after Elizabeth?

A

Virginia

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24
Q

What was the name of an Elizabethan pirate?

A

Privateers

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25
Q

What nickname did the Spanish give Sir Francis Drake?

A

El draco - the dragon

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26
Q

What advantage did England have when fighting in the Battle of Gravelines?

A

They has small, nimble boats. The wind carried the fire from their fire ships.

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27
Q

What was the name of the religious text produced by Elizabeth?

A

The English Book of Common Prayer

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28
Q

Which nobleman defeated the Northern Rebellion?

A

The Earl of Sussex

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29
Q

How many people rebelled during the Northern Rebellion?

A

4,600

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30
Q

What did Elizabeth call people who refused to attend her Church?

A

Recusants

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31
Q

Where did Catholics live?

A

the North, Lancashire

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32
Q

How much was the average peasant paid per day?

A

4 pence

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33
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth send to support Dutch Protestants in 1576?

A

6,000

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34
Q

Who was Elizabeth’s biggest rival for the English Crown?

A

Mary Queen of Scots

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35
Q

How much money did Elizabeth give Dutch Protestants to fight Spain?

A

£100,000

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36
Q

Why was Mary Queen of Scots a threat to Elizabeth’s rule? 4 reasons.

A

Heir - Her son was a protestant called James.
Attack - She had allies in France from a previous marriage to Francis II of France, allies in Scotland due to her previous rule and had friends in Spain.
Insult - she refused to sign the Treaty of Edinburgh promising not to overthrow Elizabeth.
Religion - she was Catholic

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37
Q

What was the name of the King of Spain?

A

King Phillip II

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38
Q

Elizabeth had the right to over-rule her Privy Council on three issues. What was this called?

A

Royal Prerogative

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39
Q

Elizabeth had the right to over-rule her Privy Council on three issues. What were they?

A

Marriage, succession and foreign policy

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40
Q

Who was the monarch before Elizabeth?

A

Mary I

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41
Q

How many Bishops were replaced in 1558 for failing to swear loyalty to Elizabeth under the Act of Supremacy?

A

26 out of 27

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42
Q

How many priests were replaced in 1558 for failing to swear loyalty to Elizabeth under the Act of Supremacy?

A

2,000 out of 10,000

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43
Q

Which three noblemen led the Northern Rebellion?

A

Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Westmorland and Earls of Northumberland.

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44
Q

What year did the Ridolfi Plot take place?

A

1571

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45
Q

Who led the third plot against Elizabeth in 1583?

A

Francis Throckmorton

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46
Q

Which Italian banker tried to promote an uprising in 1571?

A

Ridolfi

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47
Q

Who led the fourth and final plot against Elizabeth in 1586?

A

Anthony Babington

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48
Q

What did Mary Queen of Scots write to Anthony Babington proving she was plotting against Elizabeth?

A

“Put the men to work”

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49
Q

What year did the Babington Plot take place?

A

1586

50
Q

What year did the Throckmorton plot take place?

A

1563

51
Q

What year was Mary Queen of Scots executed?

A

1587

52
Q

What colour did Mary Queen of Scots wear to her execution and why?

A

Red - it made her seem like a martyr or someone who was being murdered for being Catholic.

53
Q

What year did the Northern Rebellion take place?

A

1569

54
Q

The Pope placed pressure on Elizabeth in 1570 and called for Catholics to ‘remove the Queen of England.’ What was this message called?

A

The Papal Bull of 1570

55
Q

The Pope outlawed Queen Elizabeth from the Catholic Church in 1570. What was this called?

A

Excommunication

56
Q

What were differences between Catholics and Protestants?

A

Language - Catholics prayed in Latin while Protestants prayed in English.
Leadership - The Pope was the leader of the Catholics, Elizabeth led Protestants.
Prayer - Catholics believed you needed a priest to pray. Protestants believed you could connect with God yourself.
Eucharist - Catholics saw this as a literal transformation of bread/wine into body/blood of Jesus. Protestants saw it as a symbol.

57
Q

What was the miracle of bread/wine into body/blood called?

A

The Eucharist

58
Q

Why would Catholics like the Elizabethan Settlement?

A

The 12 pence fines for Recusants was not used in Catholic Areas.

Private Worship was permitted

Elizabeth was named Governor of the Church, not head.

Churches were allowed some stained glass windows and statues. Priests were allowed their special clothing ‘vestments’

The English book of common prayer was vague allowing Catholics to use their own interpretation of the Eucharist.

59
Q

Why would Protestants like the Elizabethan Settlement?

A

Priests were allowed to marry

Elizabeth was the top of the Church even if she was only the governor.

English was used for prayer and services

60
Q

Who pressured Elizabeth to make religious rules tougher on Catholics?

A

Puritans e.g Francis Walsingham, Robert Dudley

61
Q

How many soldiers did Elizabeth send to support Protestants in the Netherlands in 1577?

A

6,000 under the command of John Casmir

62
Q

Which French leader did Elizabeth consider marrying in 1584 to build an alliance against Spain?

A

The Duke of Alencon

63
Q

What was the name of the Protestant leader in the Netherlands?

A

William of Orange

64
Q

How many noblemen attended Mary Queen of Scots’ execution?

A

36

65
Q

How many people were made unemployed when Henry VIII dissolved the Monasteries?

A

1 in 50 or 2%

66
Q

what were the 3 typed of poor people in medieval england.

A

Deserving poor, helpless poor, undeserving poor.

67
Q

How much were lesser lords paid a year?

A

£10-200

68
Q

Could women perform in theatres?

A

NO

69
Q

What was the name for drunk people who shouted at the actors during the performance?

A

Groundlings.

70
Q

How many plays has Shakespeare written?

A

38

71
Q

what was the name of housing that towns were required to have for poor people

A

Poor houses

72
Q

What were the three different types of poor person in Elizabethan England?

A

Able-bodied (want to work but don’t have it), Helpless Poor (can’t work as they are old or ill) and Idle Poor (too lazy to work)

73
Q

What was a group of actors called?

A

Troupe

74
Q

What was Shakespeare’s acting troupe called?

A

The Lord Chamberlain’s Men

74
Q

How might a rich person display their wealth?

A

Rare fruits e.g pineapples, expensive portraits, carpets, having lots of windows, expensive clothes especially with elaborate ruffs

74
Q

Which towns set up their own hospitals to help the ‘helpless poor?’

A

Ipswich, Norwich and London

74
Q

Which town set up education centres to help the Able Poor?

A

Ipswich

74
Q

Which town forced all beggars to apply for a license?

A

York

74
Q

What were Elizabethan footballs made from?

A

Pigs bladder filled with hair

74
Q

How long did football games often last?

A

Over a day

74
Q

What days did people play football?

A

Holy days especially during Ascension

74
Q

Why did authorities dislike the theatres?

A

Plays had rude themes, they often resulted in drunkenness

74
Q

Who disliked the threatres?

A

Puritans

74
Q

Which animal was popular for blood sports?

A

Bear baiting

74
Q

What was the name of a private zoo and where was Elizabeth’s kept?

A

Menagerie - Tower of London

74
Q

Nobles had private tutors for their education. What did girls and boys learn?

A

Girls learnt music, dancing, needlework and horse-riding. Boys were taught horse-riding, archery and also fencing, wrestling and other sports fitting for men.

74
Q

How many grammar schools were established during Elizabeth’s reign?

A

70

74
Q

How long did the school day last in Grammar School?

A

10 hours

74
Q

What schools could gentry send their children to?

A

Petty or Dame schools

74
Q

What was the name of a practical education that lower lords and yeomen could send their children to?

A

Apprenticeships

74
Q

What was the name of the two Universities in England?

A

Oxford and Cambridge

74
Q

Where did lesser lords send their children to learn how to be Lawyers?

A

Inns of Court

74
Q

Why did England try to trade with other countries?

A

Monopolies allowed companies to control the supply of a product. This meant they could set high prices and make profits.

Rare items - Silks and spices were very rare so were expensive.

Slavery - Sir John Hawkins made £1.60 for every £1 invested when transporting 400 slaves.

74
Q

Which new technologies helped Elizabethans to explore further?

A

Astrolabe, new maps and the Lateen triangular sail

74
Q

How much did a cushioned seat cost you at the theatre?

A

3 pence

74
Q

How much did groundlings pay to stand in ‘the pit?’

A

1 penny

74
Q

A 1570 study in Norwich found that what proportion of the population spend 80% or more of their money on food?

A

80%

74
Q

In what city did the 1570 study into the poor take place?

A

Norwich

74
Q

What did the 1563 Statute of Artificers do for poor people?

A

Spelt out who deserved help and who didn’t.

74
Q

Where were the Idle Poor sent for punishment?

A

The House of Correction

74
Q

Which tax helped pay for help for the poor?

A

The Poor Rate

74
Q

Who paid the Poor Rate from 1572?

A

Only landowners

74
Q

Who was in charge of helping the poor in a local area?

A

The Overseer of the Poor

75
Q

Who built up the English Navy in the 1500s?

A

Henry VIII

76
Q

Why was the Navy important to Elizabethans?

A

To protect against invasions e.g Spanish Armada

To make new trade links

Piracy e.g Sir Francis Drake

77
Q

What mythical city did Sir Walter Raleigh hunt for in 1595?

A

El Dorado

78
Q

Which treaty did Elizabeth sign in 1585 promising to support Protestants in the Netherlands?

A

The Treaty of Nonsuch

79
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth send in 1585 under the Treaty of Nonsuch?

A

7,400

80
Q

Who did Elizabeth send to lead the 7,400 soldiers she sent to help Protestants in the Netherlands in 1585?

A

Robert Dudley

81
Q

Which alliances did Spain and England form just before the Armada?

A

England allied with Scotland, Spain took control of Portugal

82
Q

Which resource did Spain acquire when they took control of Portugal in 1580?

A

Corks and Barrels needed to store food and water for long journeys e.g an invasion of England

83
Q

What port did Sir Francis Drake attack in 1587 delaying the Armada by 1 year?

A

Cadiz

84
Q

What do people call Sir Francis Drake’s attack on Cadiz?

A

The Singeing of King Philip’s Beard because it provoked him.

85
Q

How many ships did Sir Francis Drake destroy in his raid on Cadiz?

A

30

86
Q

How many fire ships did Drake use to defeat the Spanish Armada?

A

8

87
Q

How were the Spanish unprepared for the Battle of Gravelines?

A

Ships were too big and difficult to manoeuvre

Leader, Duke of Medina Sidonia was an army man not a navy man. He even got sea sick!

88
Q

How many spanish ships survived the Battle of Gravelines?

A

65 out of 151

89
Q

Who were the two leaders of the Spanish Armada?

A

The Duke of Medina Sidonia and The Duke of Palma

90
Q

How much money did Sir Francis Drake make on his circumnavigation from 1577 to 1580?

A

£40 for every £1 invested

91
Q

What was Sir Francis Drake’s ship called?

A

The Golden Hind

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