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History GCSE AQA > Elizabethan England: Elizabeth and her Court > Flashcards

Elizabethan England: Elizabeth and her Court Flashcards

1
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s parents?

A

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn

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2
Q

Why did Elizabeth ascend the throne?

A

Her sister, Mary, had died

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3
Q

When did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

1558

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4
Q

Why wasn’t Elizabeth’s power secure?

A
  • she had been declared an illegitimate child by the throne as her parents had not been officially married
  • she was also Protestant in a country that had been mainly Catholic during her sister’s reign
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5
Q

Name the different groups in Elizabeth’s Court life

A
  • Monarch
  • Privy Council
  • Parliament
  • The Royal Court
  • Lord Lieutenants
  • Justices of Peace
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6
Q

Describe the role of the Justices of Peace

A
  • large landowners
  • appointed by the government
  • kept law and order locally
  • heard local court cases
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7
Q

Describe the role of the parliament

A
  • advised Elizabeth’s government
  • made up of House of Lords and the House of Commons
  • HoC elected, though barely anyone was allowed to vote
  • passed taxes and approved laws
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8
Q

Describe the role of Lord Lieutenants

A
  • noblement
  • appointed by the government
  • ruled over English counties
  • raised local militia
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9
Q

Describe the role of the court

A
  • noblemen who acted as the monarch’s closest advisers and friends
  • advised queen and helped display her wealth and power
  • could also be members of the Privy Council
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10
Q

Describe the role of privy council

A
  • members of the nobility who helped govern the country
  • monitored parliament and Justices of Peace
  • oversaw law and order + national security
  • many were lizzy’s close advisers
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11
Q

Who was the Privy Council led by?

A

The Secretary of State

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12
Q

What were progresses?

A

Tours that Elizabeth would take, visiting the homes of the nobility

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13
Q

Why were progresses beneficial?

A
  • helped build better relations with the nobility
  • allowed her to live in luxury at the expense of her subjects
  • removed the court from the palace at times that the Plague was rife, so that it could be fumigated
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14
Q

Define patronage

A

Involved handing out titles, offices or monopolies, which gave men a source of income

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15
Q

Why was having a patronage beneficial to Elizabeth?

A
  • made everyone loyal to lizzy
  • ensured that she remained in the middle of the whole political system
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16
Q

What were Elizabeth’s initial problems?

A
  • legitimacy
  • gender and marriage
  • taxation
  • foreign policy
  • Mary, Queen of Scots
  • Ireland
  • succession
17
Q

How was legitimacy a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • the Act of Succession declared her an illegitimate child
  • Many Catholics didn’t accept Henry VIII’s remarriage to Anne Boleyn
18
Q

How was sucession a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • last living child of Henry VIII
  • no children of her own –> unclear who would succeed the throne after her
  • when she was a child, she almost died of smallpox, which drew uncertanity to England’s future
19
Q

How was gender and marriage a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • women were not considered fit to rule a country
  • Elizabeth’s sister Mary was hated by many due to burning people at stake, leaving England in debt, marrying the King of Spain and losing Calais
  • so many felt they didn’t want another queen in charge
20
Q

How was taxation a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • country was short of money and lizzy needed to raise the taxes
  • poverty was widespread, so this would be an unpopular decision
21
Q

How was foreign policy a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • Catholic countries wanted control over England + were backed by the pope
  • so invasion was very likely
22
Q

Why was Mary, Queen of Scots a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • next in line to the throne would be Mary, Queen of Scots
  • as lizzy didn’t have an heir
  • many Catholics also saw Mary as lizzy’s alternative
23
Q

Why was Ireland a problem for Elizabeth?

A
  • lizzy considered herself Queen of Ireland
  • Ireland did not
  • they revolted
24
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s key advisors?

A
  • Francis Walsingham
  • William Cecil
  • Robert Dudley
  • Christopher Hatton
25
Q

Who was William Cecil?

A
  • Lizzy’s longest serving minister
  • became secretary of state in 1571
  • acted as lord treasurer so was responsible for government’s money
  • most trusted adviser
  • key role in developing poor laws and religious policies
  • protestant
26
Q

Who was Robert Dudley?

A
  • earl of Leicster
  • childhood friend + Lizzy fav
  • many rumours abt a romance between the two
  • personally responsible for her safety
  • Puritan
  • Privy council member
27
Q

Who was Francis Walsingham?

A
  • Secretary of State
  • ran a network of spies and uncovered lots of plots against lizy
28
Q

Who was Christopher Hatton?

A
  • helped organise Elizabeth’s progresses
  • lord chancellor in 1587
  • used to be a court dancer
29
Q

Why was the Parliament important?

A
  • monarch couldn’t raise taxes without parliament’s support
  • taxes + legislations had more authority once approved by the parliament
  • could act as a pressure group
  • could be used to criticise the Queen and her court
30
Q

What were the limits on Parliament’s power?

A
  • rarely called, only called around 13 times during Elizabeth’s reign
  • couldn’t actually discuss matters the Queen didn’t like for the fear of being shunned by her
31
Q

What issues were discussed by the parliament?

A
  • parliamentary rights
  • taxes or subsidies
  • religion and the church of England
  • the poor
  • succession
32
Q

What were the arguments for marriage?

A
  • would create an alliance with a foreign country or win the support of a powerful English family
  • could then produce an heir + continue the Tudor line
  • marriage and children would prevent Mary, QoS from ruling after Elizabeth’s death
33
Q

What were the arguments against marriage?

A
  • marrying a foreign prince means England could fall into their control
  • Marrying an Englishman could cause controls with authority
  • marriage at the time meant that the husband had control and legal authority over his wife, which meant lizzy would have to answer to her hubby
  • giving birth was often risky for the mother and often resulted in death
  • sisters marriage was disasterous
34
Q

Who were Elizabeth’s suitors?

A
  • Robert Dudley
  • Francis, Duke of Anjou and Alencon
  • King Phillip II of Spain
35
Q

How did Parliament get involved with Elizabeth’s marriage?

A
  • saw it as their duty to find her a match
  • as they became increasingly concerned with the lack of heir
36
Q

Who was the politician who argued against the ban on discussing Elizabeth’s marriage?

A

Peter Wentworth

37
Q

What happened to Peter Wentworth?

A

Rest of Parliament arrested him in the Tower of London for fear of losing favour

38
Q
A

History GCSE AQA (12 decks)

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