🌍 elss sg1 Flashcards
SG1!!! importance of water for humans
generates electricity (hep etc)
for sweating to cool down
importance of water for flora
photosynthesis
transport minerals from soil
importance of water for fauna
helps them grow so they can reproduce respiration
importance of water for the climate
oceans moderate earths temp
clouds reflect solar radiation
how much of global water (%) is stored in these stores:
oceans
polar ice & glaciers
groundwater
atmosphere
oceans = 97%
polar ice and glaciers = 2%
groundwater = 0.7%
atmosphere = 0.001%
what’s the difference between an open and closed system
open = output and input of mass and energy (mass comes in and out)
closed = output and input of energy only (mass is always the same
what kind of system is the water cycle
closed because no water leaves or enters the earth but we gain energy from sun
what are the inputs (2) into the drainage basin system and definition
precipitation = rainfall, snow, sleet etc
channel precipitation = when precipitation falls straight into river, lake, ocean etc
what are the flows/processes (7) in the drainage basin system and definition
overland flow = water flowing over the land surface
stem flow = intercepted water that flows down the side of the trunk
throughflow = horizontal flow through soil
ground water flow = horizontal flow through rock
ablation = melting of snow/ice from a glacier
percolation = movement of water through soil
infiltration = water absorbed by soil
what are the stores of water (9) in the drainage basin system and definition
vegetation = by photosynthesis
interception = when the vegetation catches the precipitation before it hits the ground
groundwater = stored in rocky layer
soil moisture = stored in soil layer
river
lake
clouds
puddles
glaciers = frozen
what are the outputs (5) into the drainage basin system and definition
evaporation = when water turns to a gas and goes back to atmosphere
transpiration = when water evaporation of water from a plant
sublimation = when ice turns into water vapour without melting first
run off = overland flow
what is the water balance
worked out from inputs & outputs and affects how much water is stored in drainage basin e.g in wet seasons, precipitation is higher than evapotranspitation so water surplus
what is the dew point
when the air cools and starts condensing
how does vegetation type affect interception rates
more interception from trees than grassland/crops
how does tree species affect interception rates
higher rate with evergreen than deciduous
